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. 2017 Jul 28;12:2207–2220. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S137587

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© 2017 Toumpanakis et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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The effect of tiotropium bromide on lung inflammation following 60% of ERB.

Notes: Macrophage count in BALf remained reduced compared to ctr after tiotropium inhalation. Instead, the increase in neutrophil number after 60% of ERB was attenuated by tiotropium (C), resulting in an overall reduction of total cell number (A). Tissue protein levels of both IL-1β and IL-6 returned to ctr values following tiotropium inhalation (B and D). Data presented as mean ± SEM. White bar, ctr; gray bar, ctr plus tiotropium; black bar, 60% of ERB and dark gray bar, 60% of ERB plus tiotropium. *P<0.05 to ctr and ^#P<0.05 to 60% of ERB. n=5–8 per group.

Abbreviations: ERB, expiratory resistive breathing; BALf, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; IL, Interleukin; ctr, control; SEM, standard error of the mean.