Table 1.
Baseline Recipient and Donor Clinical Characteristics
| Variable | Ramipril n = 47 |
Placebo n = 49 |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Recipient characteristics: | |||
| Age, years | 55 ± 15 | 52 ± 17 | 0.57 |
| Male, n (%) | 35 (74.5) | 32 (65.3) | 0.33 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.4 ± 4.2 | 25.4 ± 6.0 | 0.57 |
| Comorbidities: | |||
| CMV IgG-positive, n (%) | 33 (70.2) | 34 (70.8) | 0.95 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 13 (27.7) | 14 (28.6) | 0.92 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 27 (57.4) | 28 (57.1) | 0.98 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 134 ± 16 | 132 ± 12 | 0.68 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 82 ± 12 | 84 ± 12 | 0.40 |
| * Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 24 (51.1) | 16 (32.7) | 0.07 |
| Ischemic cardiomyopathy, n (%) | 10 (21.3) | 5 (10.2) | 0.14 |
| Laboratory Data: | |||
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.14 ± 0.35 | 1.03 ± 0.36 | 0.16 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 29.0 ± 8.9 | 30.7 ± 11.8 | 0.81 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 139 ± 3 | 138 ± 3 | 0.29 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.3 ± 0.4 | 4.2 ± 0.5 | 0.61 |
| Medications: | |||
| Calcium channel blocker, n (%) | 26 (55.3) | 27 (55.1) | 0.98 |
| β-blocker, n (%) | 1 (2.1) | 3 (6.1) | 0.32 |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 32 (68.1) | 28 (57.1) | 0.27 |
| Statin, n (%) | 43 (91.5) | 46 (93.9) | 0.48 |
| Induction therapy | 0.35 | ||
| None | 14 (14.7) | 8 (8.4) | |
| γ-antithymocyte globulin, n (%) | 26 (27.4) | 32 (33.7) | |
| Daclizumab, n (%) | 5 (5.3) | 6 (6.3) | |
| Baciliximab, n (%) | 1 (1.1) | 3 (3.2) | |
| Tacrolimus, n (%) | 42 (89.4) | 43 (87.8) | 0.81 |
| Tacrolimus level, ng/mL | 10.8 ± 3.1 | 12.1 ± 3.9 | 0.12 |
| Cyclosporine, n (%) | 4 (8.5) | 5 (10.2) | 0.53 |
| Cyclosporine level, ng/mL | 365.6 ± 57.9 | 401.3 ± 69.6 | 0.39 |
| Mycophenolate mofetil, n (%) | 47 (100) | 49 (100) | NA |
| Corticosteroid dose, mg | 21.1 ± 9.3 | 25.6 ± 21.8 | 0.67 |
|
| |||
| Donor characteristics: | |||
| Age, years | 33 ± 14 | 33 ± 12 | 0.90 |
| Male, n (%) | 28 (59.6) | 32 (66.7) | 0.47 |
| Sex mismatch, n (%) | 9 (19.1) | 11 (22.9) | 0.65 |
| Blood type mismatch, n (%) | 6 (12.8) | 6 (12.5) | 0.97 |
| CMV IgG mismatch, n (%) | 18 (38.3) | 15 (31.3) | 0.47 |
| Cold ischemic time, minutes | 219 ± 39 | 208 ± 50 | 0.24 |
Values are mean and standard deviation or n (%).
*
Hypercholesterolemia was defined as patient either taking statin or diagnosed as hypercholesterolemia by a treating physician before heart transplantation. BUN = blood urea nitrogen; CMV = cytomegalovirus; IgG = immunoglobulin G.