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. 2008 Oct 21;5(4):335–347. doi: 10.1007/s10433-008-0094-4

Table 2.

Combination of different types of help according to different determinants, weighted proportions adjusted for age

Receives only formal help Receives formal and other type of help Receives only other than formal help No help All Distribution
Unweighted N a Weighted %b
All 3 11 21 65 100 1,166 100.0
Gender
 Female 3 12 23 61 100 759 62.5
 Male 3 8 17 72 100 407 37.5
Age
 70–74 1 3 14 82 100 410 44.9
 75–79 3 6 23 68 100 256 28.0
 80–84 5 24 29 42 100 315 17.2
 85+ 6 36 33 26 100 185 10.0
Cognitive ability
 Good 2 7 19 72 100 525 48.9
 Fairly good 3 12 17 68 100 358 30.6
 Fairly poor 7 14 30 49 100 165 12.7
 Poor 3 24 37 37 100 116 7.8
Mobility
 No limitations 2 4 12 82 100 620 58.4
 Some limitations 4 10 31 55 100 328 26.9
 Severe limitations 7 35 44 14 100 217 14.7
PADL limitations
 No limitations 3 6 17 74 100 857 76.9
 Limitations in 1–2 functions 3 15 33 49 100 182 14.6
 Limitations in 3–5 functions 11 41 35 13 100 125 8.5
IADL limitations
 No limitations 2 3 15 80 100 746 69.8
 Limitations in 1–2 functions 4 16 37 42 100 214 17.1
 Limitations in 3–4 functions 8 40 41 12 100 194 13.1
Education
 More than upper basic 4 7 19 70 100 279 24.8
 Upper basic 2 8 23 68 100 300 26.7
 Lower basic or unknown 3 14 21 62 100 587 48.5
Household equivalized income
 1st quartile (highest) 4 9 16 70 100 273 25.0
 2nd quartile 2 10 21 67 100 282 25.0
 3rd quartile 3 11 25 62 100 292 25.0
 4th quartile (lowest) 3 13 21 63 100 319 25.0
Type of municipality
 Rural 2 10 21 67 100 349 29.9
 Densely populated 2 12 22 63 100 468 40.8
 Ten largest cities 4 9 18 68 100 349 29.3
Living arrangements and spousal help
 Lives alone 5 12 20 62 100 591 47.9
 Lives with spouse, all 1 8 20 71 100 493 45.9
 No help from the spouse 1 5 7 87 100 393 38.0
 Receives help from the spouse 0 18 82 0 100 100 8.0
 Lives with other(s) than spouse 1 12 41 46 100 82 6.1
Help from children or their spouses
 No help from children 3 3 9 85 100 678 62.6
 Less than weekly help 0 22 78 0 100 80 6.1
 One or a few times a week 0 29 71 0 100 134 9.4
 At least daily help 0 44 56 0 100 89 5.9
 No children 9 9 14 67 100 185 16.0
Help from other relatives, friends and neighbors
 No help from others 3 8 17 72 100 1016 89.8
 Less than weekly help 0 25 75 0 100 70 5.0
 At least weekly help 0 28 72 0 100 76 5.2

Direct age adjustment with the population of women and men combined as the standard population and with age classes 70–74, 75–79, 80-84 and 85+

a N are the unweighted number of observations

bPercentages are calculated as weighted with sampling weights