Table 2.
Prevalence studies of the metabolic syndrome in the HIV population
| Study | Period | MS prevalence | MS definition | Age | % males | Study group | Design | Area |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bruno 2002[10] | – | 39.6 | EGIR | 39.5 | 69 | 201 | Cross-sectional | Italy |
| Gazzaruso 2002[11] | – | 45.4 | NCEP | 37.1 | 58 | 553 | Cross-sectional | Italy |
| Bernal 2007[12] | 2003 | 15.2 11.4 |
NCEP IDF |
42 | 83.3 | 210 | Cross-sectional | Spain |
| Bergersen 2006[13] | 2001 | 13.3 | NCEP | 43 | 80 | 357 | Cross-sectional | Norway |
| Jacobson 2006[14] | 2000–2003 | 24 Incidence 15/100py |
NCEP | 42 | 75 | 477 | Prospective Cohort |
US |
| Wand 2007[15] | 2001–2004 | 8.5 7.8 Incidence 12/100py after 3 y follow-up |
NCEP IDF |
38 | 79 | 881 | RCT, prospective | International |
| Palacios 2007[16] | 2002–2004 | 16.6 baseline 25 after 48w of cART Incidence 14/100 py |
NCEP, modified | 40.9 | 83.6 | 60 | Observational, prospective | Spain |
| Saint Martin 2008[17] | 2003 | 7.1 | NCEP | 41 | 72 | 140 | Cross-sectional | France |
| Samaras 2006[18] | – | 17.6 14.4 |
NCEP IDF |
41 | 84.1 | 788 | Cross-sectional | International |
| Jerico 2005[19] | 2003 | 17 | NCEP | 41.9 | 72 | 710 | Cross-sectional | Spain |
| Sobieszczyk 2008[20] | 2000–2004 | 33 | NCEP | 40 | 0 | 1725 | Cross-sectional | US |
| Hansen 2009[21] | 2004–2006 | 27 | NCEP | 44.1 | 81.4 | 566 | Cross-sectional | Denmark |
| Estrada 2006[22] | – | 15.8 | NCEP | 40.6 | 65.7 | 146 | Cross-sectional | Spain |
| Worm 2009[23] 2010[24] | 2000–2007 | 19.4 (2000-2001) 41.6 (2006-2007) |
NCEP, modified | 38 | 74 | 24349 | Observational, prospective | International (D:A:D) |
| Mondy 2007[25] | 2005 | 25.5 | NCEP | 43 | 65 | 471 | Cross-sectional | US |
| Adeyemi 2008[26] | 2005–2006 | 34 | NCEP | 54 | 79 | 121 | Cross-sectional | US |
| Bonfanti 2007[27] | 2005 | 20.8 22.1 |
NCEP IDF |
43 | 50 | 1263 | Cross-sectional | Italy |
| Bonfanti 2010[28] | 2007 | 12.3% | NCEP | 37 | 75 | 292 | Cross-sectional | Italy |
| Elgalib 2010[29] | 2005–2006 | 14 10 |
NCEP IDF |
39.5 | 74 | 678 | Cross-sectional | UK |
| Mangili 2007[30] | 2002–2004 | 22.9 | NCEP | 45 | 64 | 314 | Cross-sectional | US |
| Falasca 2007[31] | – | 42 | NCEP | 74 | 41 | 54 | Cross-sectional | Italy |
| Baum 2006[32] | 2002–2003 | 15.1 | NCEP | 41.7 | 74 | 118 | Cross-sectional | US |
| Young 2009[33] | 2000–2006 | 20 | IDF | 37 non-MS 39 MS |
68 | 1218 | Observational prospective | Switzerland |
| Biron 2012[34] | – | 18.2 | AHA/NHLBI | 43 | 66.9 | 269 | Cross-sectional | France |
| Bonfanti 2012[35] | 2007–2010 | 7,5% develop MS in the 3 y follow-up Incidence: 2.6/100 py (at baseline 11.7% had MS) |
NCEP | 38 | 75.5 | 188 | Observational, prospective | Italy |
| Alvarez 2010[36] | 2006–2007 | 20.2 | NCEP | 41.9 | 74 | 4010 | Cross-sectional | Latin America |
| Signorini 2012[37] | 2005 | 20.6 | NCEP | 41 | 54.6 | 819 | Cross-sectional | Brazil |
| Krishnan 2012[38] | 2001–2007 | Incidence 8.5/100 py (baseline 20%) | AHA/NHLBI | ≤30 22% 30–40 38% 41–50 29% >50 11% |
81.9 | 2247 | Observational, prospective |
US (ACTG-ALLRT) |
| Alencastro 2011 + 2012[39,40] | 2006–2008 | 24.7 17.2 22.1 |
AHA/NHLBI NCEP IDF |
38.6 | 50.1 | 1240 | Cross-sectional | Brazil |
| Calza 2011[41] | 2009 | 9.1 | NCEP | 36 non-MS 47 MS |
66 | 755 | Cross-sectional | Italy |
| Wu 2012[42] | 2008–2009 | 26.2 | NCEP | 36.8 non-MS 44.5 MS |
94.9 | 877 | Cross-sectional | Taiwan |
| Freitas 2011 [43] | – | 52.2 43.2 |
NCEP IDF |
45 | 69 | 345 | Cross-sectional (58.7% with LDS) | Brazil |
| Maloberti 2013[44] | – | 19.4 cART 13.8 naïve (4.5 control) |
NCEP | 46.5 40.7 44.9 |
83 80.5 74.5 |
72 cART 36 naive |
Cross-sectional | Italy |
| Cubero 2011[45] | – | 10.1 15.1 28.3 |
NCEP IDF EGIR |
39 | 75.5 | 159 | Cross-sectional | Spain |
| Sawadogo 2014[46] | 2011 | 12.3 10 |
NCEP IDF |
41.4 | 29 | 400 | Cross-sectional | Burkina Faso |
| Jantarapakde 2014[47] | 2009–2011 | 22.2 | AHA/NHLBI |
37 | 46.2 | 584 | Cross-sectional | Thailand |
| Guira 2015[48] | 2011 | 18 | IDF | 44.8 | 31 | 300 | Cross-sectional | Burkina Faso |
| Oguoma 2015[49] | 2002–2013 | 31.7 27.9 28.1 |
WHO NCEP IDF |
- | – | 32 studies (10854) | Systematic review | Nigeria |
| Tesfaye 2014[50] | 2012–2013 | 18.1 ARV 15.6 Naïve 25 ARV 22.5 Naive |
NCEP IDF |
32 | 32 | 374 | Cross-sectional | Ethiopia |
| Tiozzo 2015[51] | 2013 | 33 | NCEP | 48 | 46 | 89 | Cross-sectional | US |
| Lombo 2015[52] | – | 26 27 |
NCEP IDF |
49.6 | 41 | 259 | Cross-sectional | US |
NCEP: National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III
IDF: International Diabetes Federation
EGIR: European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance