EXHIBIT 4.

Association between hours spent on various activities and physician characteristics

	Total face-to-face visit time			Total desktop medicine time
Characteristic	Coefficient	SE	95% CI	Coefficient	SE	95% CI
Years using EHR	−0.02	0.02	−0.05, 0.02	−0.04****	0.01	−0.07, −0.02
Average patient score on Charlson Comorbidity Index	−0.42	0.35	−1.11, 0.27	0.15	0.30	−0.43, 0.74
PORTION OF TIME IN THE CLINIC (PERCENTAGE OF FULL-TIME-EQUIVALENT) (REF: 75% OR MORE)
50% or less FTE	−0.51****	0.14	−0.78, −0.25	−0.49****	0.09	−0.67, −0.31
Greater than 50% and less than 75%	−0.10	0.12	−0.34, 0.13	−0.21**	0.09	−0.39, −0.02
SEX (REF: FEMALE)
Male	0.07	0.14	−0.21, 0.35	−0.20**	0.09	−0.39, −0.02
RACE (REF: WHITE)
Asian	0.16	0.13	−0.10, 0.41	−0.03	0.09	−0.21, 0.15
Other	0.91**	0.39	0.14, 1.69	−0.25	0.28	−0.80, 0.30
SPECIALTY (REF: INTERNAL MEDICINE)
Family medicine	−0.20	0.17	−0.54, 0.14	0.04	0.14	−0.25, 0.32
Pediatrics	−0.81***	0.27	−1.34, −0.29	−0.45**	0.22	−0.88, −0.02
NATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE RECOGNITION (REF: LEVEL 3)
Level 2	−0.17	0.16	−0.49, 0.15	0.04	0.12	−0.20, 0.27
Did not apply	−0.44**	0.17	−0.77, −0.10	0.25*	0.14	−0.03, 0.53
YEAR (REF: 2011)
2012	−0.11**	0.04	−0.19, −0.02	0.15****	0.03	0.09, 0.21
2013	−0.16**	0.06	−0.28, −0.03	0.02	0.05	−0.08, 0.11
2014	−0.10	0.08	−0.25, 0.06	0.34****	0.06	0.22, 0.47

SOURCE Authors’ analysis of data from access logs embedded in the electronic health records of 471 physicians. NOTES The exhibit shows regression results at the provider-day level. National Committee for Quality Assurance recognition is explained in the Exhibit 3 Notes. SE is standard error. CI is confidence interval. EHR is electronic health record.

^*p < 0.10

^**p < 0.05

^***p < 0.01

^****p < 0.001