Table 2. Characteristics of Digoxin exposure in heart failure patients in Taiwan from 2000/01/01-/12/31 (N=4,161).

Variable	All Heart Failure		Heart Failure				p-value
	(n=4,161)		Digoxin (n=1,219)		Non-Digoxin (n=2,942)
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Age (years)							<0.001
<45	398	9.57	71	5.83	327	11.12
45–64	1,428	34.32	340	27.89	1,088	36.98
≥65	2,335	56.11	808	66.28	1,527	51.90
Gender							0.104
Female	2,293	55.11	648	53.16	1,645	55.91
Male	1,868	44.89	571	46.84	1,297	44.09
Incomes (US$)							<0.001
≥1281 (≥ NT$ 40,000)	204	4.90	46	3.77	158	5.37
640–1280 (NT$ 20,000–39,999)	430	10.34	93	7.63	337	11.46
<640 (< NT$ 20,000)	3,527	84.76	1,080	88.60	2,447	83.17
Region							<0.001
Northern	1,676	40.28	453	37.16	1,223	41.57
Center	1,191	28.62	399	32.73	792	26.92
South	1,141	27.42	317	26.00	824	28.01
East	153	3.68	50	4.20	103	3.50
Urbanization							0.124
Urban	2,118	50.90	596	48.89	1,522	51.73
Suburban	1,546	37.16	461	37.82	1,085	36.88
Rural	497	11.94	162	13.29	335	11.39
CCI							<0.001
<3	1,357	32.61	328	26.91	1,029	34.98
≥3	2,804	67.39	891	73.09	1,913	65.02
Total	4,161	100.00	1,219	100.00	2,942	100.00

CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index scores.