Fig 5. Frequency of mutations in gene codons related to antimalarial drug resistance (bottom bar) among Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax samples from the north, east, and south Ethiopia.

The proportion of wild type (white) and mutants (gray) for each codon position was indicated in each column of the respective resistant gene associated with the antimalarial drug (bottom bar). GCN denotes gene copy number of pfmdr1 and pvmdr1 (white: single copy; gray: ≥ two copies). Significant difference was detected in the mutation frequency of codons in pfdhps and pfdhfr among the study sites, as indicated by a small letter above the column.