Table 3.

Genetic Variation in HNF4A and NEUROD1 Influences the Improvement in Insulin Secretion in One of the Treatment Groups

Gene	SNP	Trait	Alleles	SNP × Treatment Interaction	Placebo		Metformin		Lifestyle
			(Effect/Other)	P Value	β (SE)	P Value	β (SE)	P Value	β (SE)	P value
HNF4A
Significant interaction for SNP × lifestyle (vs placebo)
	rs3212185	Δ log InsIndex	C/T (MAF = 1.7%)	0.01	–0.005 (0.200)	0.98	0.493 (0.167)	0.003	0.396 (0.173)	0.02
		Δ log DIo		0.0002	–0.001 (0.008)	0.88	0.017 (0.007)	0.03	0.043 (0.011)	2 × 10–4
NEUROD1
Significant interaction for SNP × metformin (vs placebo)
	rs6719578	Δ log InsIndex	C/G (MAF = 1.2%)	0.03	0.028 (0.233)	0.90	0.525 (0.229)	0.02	–0.092 (0.210)	0.66
		Δlog DIo		0.002	–0.003 (0.010)	0.79	0.042 (0.010)	1 × 10–4	0.005 (0.014)	0.72

The underlined allele is the minor allele.

Abbreviation: β (SE), β estimate (standard error) of the association of each minor allele with the respective trait.