Table 3.
Association of Bioavailable 25(OH)D With Incident CHD Events
| N Participants (N Events) | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| All participants | |||
| ≥ 3.4 ng/mL | 457 (190) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) |
| 2.29–3.4 ng/mL | 455 (173) | 1.48 (1.05, 2.09) | 1.50 (1.04, 2.16) |
| <2.29 ng/mL | 445 (145) | 2.20 (1.48, 3.26) | 2.34 (1.53, 3.59) |
| Per SD decrement | 1.24 (1.04, 1.48) | 1.27 (1.06, 1.54) | |
| P | 0.01 | 0.01 | |
| Global P for interaction by race or ethnicity | 0.59 | 0.45 | |
| White participants | |||
| ≥3.4 ng/mL | 95 (36) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) |
| 2.29–3.4 ng/mL | 209 (91) | 2.15 (1.39, 3.32) | 2.41 (1.51, 3.85) |
| <2.29 ng/mL | 312 (100) | 2.26 (1.26, 4.03) | 2.71 (1.48, 4.95) |
| Per SD decrement | 1.33 (1.07, 1.65) | 1.40 (1.11, 1.75) | |
| P | 0.01 | 0.004 | |
| Chinese participants | |||
| ≥3.4 ng/mL | 41 (18) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) |
| 2.29–3.4 ng/mL | 62 (17) | 0.66 (0.21, 2.01) | 0.49 (0.15, 1.59) |
| <2.29 ng/mL | 32 (11) | 2.05 (0.66, 6.43) | 2.17 (0.66, 7.15) |
| Per SD decrement | 1.48 (0.79, 2.79) | 1.43 (0.73, 2.78) | |
| P | 0.22 | 0.29 | |
| P for interaction vs. white participants | 0.75 | 0.95 | |
| Black participants | |||
| ≥3.4 ng/mL | 222 (97) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) |
| 2.29–3.4 ng/mL | 65 (27) | 0.23 (0.06, 0.88) | 0.15 (0.04, 0.62) |
| <2.29 ng/mL | 12 (6) | 0.34 (0.10, 1.14) | 0.21 (0.06, 0.73) |
| Per SD decrement | 0.94 (0.55, 1.58) | 0.90 (0.52, 1.55) | |
| P | 0.81 | 0.69 | |
| P for interaction vs. white participants | 0.22 | 0.14 | |
| Hispanic participants | |||
| ≥3.4 ng/mL | 99 (39) | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) |
| 2.29–3.4 ng/mL | 119 (38) | 0.97 (0.50, 1.86) | 0.82 (0.40, 1.67) |
| <2.29 ng/mL | 89 (28) | 2.01 (1.00, 4.04) | 1.97 (0.92, 4.21) |
| Per SD decrement | 1.16 (0.79, 1.71) | 1.14 (0.75, 1.73) | |
| P | 0.45 | 0.53 | |
| P for interaction vs. white participants | 0.54 | 0.40 |
Model 1 adjusts for age, sex, race and ethnicity, study site, income, and season. Model 2 additionally adjusts for diabetes mellitus, body mass index, smoking status, self-reported general health status, log-transformed intentional physical activity, estimated glomerular filtration rate, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medications, lipid-lowering medications, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, log-transformed CRP concentration, and serum albumin. P values from analysis of continuous exposure.