Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Participants
| HIV+ (n = 65) | Control (n = 23) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 24 (21, 28) | 25 (22, 28) | 0.25 |
| Sex, male, n (%) | 25 (39) | 11 (48) | 0.43 |
| Race | |||
| Caucasian | 24 (37) | 11 (48) | 0.63 |
| African American | 33 (51) | 11 (48) | |
| Mixed race | 6 (9) | 1 (4) | |
| Native American | 2 (3) | 0 | |
| Ethnicity, Hispanic, n (%) | 9 (14) | 4 (17) | 0.68 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24 (22, 28) | 25 (23, 29) | 0.40 |
| Height, cm | 165 (159, 169) | 165 (159, 173) | 0.19 |
| Waist/hip ratio | 0.91 (0.86, 0.97) | 0.84 (0.82, 0.88) | 0.004 |
| Smoker ever, n (%) | 18 (28) | 4 (19) | 0.41 |
| Smoking pack-years, y | 1.1 (0, 4.5) | 0.32 (0.04, 0.6) | 0.49 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 164 (136, 178) | 171 (154, 191) | 0.08 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 87 (63, 130) | 64 (54, 83) | 0.02 |
| High-density lipoprotein, mg/dL | 47 (38, 57) | 65 (51, 71) | 0.0003 |
| Low-density lipoprotein, mg/dL | 88 (72, 103) | 99 (67, 120) | 0.33 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 119 (109, 128) | 118 (108, 121) | 0.31 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 72 (66, 81) | 67 (63, 71) | 0.01 |
| Hypertension,a n (%) | 4(6) | 0 | 0.24 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Vitamin D deficiency,b n (%) | 21(38) | 9 (39) | 0.66 |
| CD4 count, cells/μL | 542 (281, 805) | 787 (631, 969) | 0.003 |
| CD8 count, cells/μL | 747 (521, 1051) | 452 (405, 621) | 0.0003 |
| Currently on ARVs, n (%) | 55 (85) | ||
| Duration of ARVs,c y | 15.8 (12.4, 19.5) | ||
| Duration of protease inhibitors, y | 9.8 (5.9, 13.8) | ||
| Duration of NRTIs, y | 15.4 (10.4, 18.2) | ||
| Duration of non-NRTIs, y | 2.7 (0, 7.7) | ||
| Duration of TDF, y | 3.1 (0, 6.6) | ||
| Duration of stavudine, y | 3.5 (0, 6.8) | ||
| HIV RNA <40 copies/mL, n (%) | 37 (57) | ||
| HIV viral load, copies/mL | 5038 (1332, 60452) | ||
| Nadir CD4 <200 cells/μL, n (%) | 31 (52) |
Values are expressed as median (IQR) unless otherwise indicated. Boldface indicates significant P values (<0.05).
a
Hypertension: systolic blood pressure >140, diastolic >90, or on antihypertensive medication.
b
Vitamin D deficiency defined as <20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L). Data available on 55 of 65 HIV-infected subjects.
c
Three HIV-infected subjects lacked verifiable documentation of ARV history.