Table 3.
The number of death, cardiovascular death, and transplanted patients across race/ethnicity and association between serum potassium with all-cause mortality according to race/ethnicity in case-mix and MICS adjusted Cox models.
| Serum potassium (mEq/L) | Total, N | whites |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All-cause mortality HR
(95% CI) |
||||||
| All cause death, N (%) | CV death, N (%) | transplant, N (%) | Unadjusted model | Case-mix + MICS models | ||
| Continuous value | 51297 | 16804(32.8) | 5700(11.1) | 2037(4.0) | 0.93 (0.90–0.96) | 1.08 (1.04–1.12) |
|
|
|
|||||
| <3.6 | 1957 | 737 (37.7) | 226 (11.6) | 50 (2.6) | 1.21 (1.12–1.31) | 1.00 (0.93–1.08) |
| >3.6 to <4.0 | 8467 | 2852 (33.7) | 929 (11.0) | 275 (3.2) | 1.07 (1.03–1.12) | 1.00 (0.95–1.04) |
| >4.0 to <4.5 | 19767 | 6340 (32.1) | 2,157 (11.0) | 743 (3.8) | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] |
| >4.5 to <5.0 | 14674 | 4743 (32.3) | 1,639 (11.2) | 644 (4.4) | 0.98 (0.95–1.02) | 1.05 (1.01–1.09) |
| >5.0 to <5.5 | 5228 | 1706 (32.6) | 593 (11.3) | 249 (4.8) | 0.96 (0.91–1.01) | 1.09 (1.04–1.16) |
| >5.5 | 1204 | 426 (35.4) | 156 (13.0) | 76 (6.3) | 1.01 (0.91–1.11) | 1.17 (1.06–1.30) |
|
| ||||||
| African-Americans |
||||||
| Serum potassium (mEq/L) | All-cause mortality HR
(95% CI) |
|||||
| Total, N | All-cause death, N (%) | CV death, N (%) | transplant, N (%) | Unadjusted model | Case-mix + MICS models | |
|
| ||||||
| Continuous value | 34574 | 7573(21.9) | 2654(7.7) | 878(2.5) | 0.81 (0.77–0.85) | 1.00 (0.95–1.05) |
|
|
|
|||||
| <3.6 | 2323 | 707 (30.4) | 213 (9.2) | 42 (1.8) | 1.51 (1.39–1.64) | 1.07 (0.98–1.17) |
| >3.6 to <4.0 | 7642 | 1780 (23.3) | 628 (8.2) | 172 (2.3) | 1.13 (1.07–1.20) | 1.01 (0.95–1.07) |
| >4.0 to <4.5 | 13767 | 2884 (20.9) | 1,011 (7.3) | 340 (2.5) | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] |
| >4.5 to <5.0 | 7949 | 1571 (19.8) | 563 (7.1) | 227 (2.9) | 0.92 (0.86–0.97) | 0.98 (0.92–1.04) |
| >5.0 to <5.5 | 2384 | 491 (20.6) | 192 (8.1) | 85 (3.6) | 0.93 (0.85–1.02) | 1.01 (0.92–1.12) |
| >5.5 | 509 | 140 (27.5) | 47 (9.2) | 12 (2.4) | 1.36 (1.14–1.61) | 1.43 (1.21–1.70) |
|
| ||||||
| Hispanics |
||||||
| Serum potassium (mEq/L) | All-cause mortality HR
(95% CI) |
|||||
| Total, N | All-cause death, N (%) | CV death, N (%) | transplant, N (%) | Unadjusted model | Case-mix + MICS models | |
|
| ||||||
| Continuous value | 16370 | 3084(18.8) | 1280(7.8) | 546(3.3) | 0.66 (0.62–0.70) | 0.95 (0.88–1.02) |
|
|
|
|||||
| <3.6 | 431 | 158 (36.7) | 49 (11.4) | 10 (2.3) | 2.05 (1.74–2.43) | 1.36 (1.15–1.62) |
| >3.6 to <4.0 | 1959 | 464 (23.7) | 193 (9.9) | 48 (2.5) | 1.27 (1.14–1.42) | 1.08 (0.97–1.21) |
| >4.0 to <4.5 | 5412 | 1049 (19.4) | 442 (8.2) | 161 (3.0) | 1 [reference] | 1 [reference] |
| >4.5 to <5.0 | 5094 | 861 (16.9) | 360 (7.1) | 183 (3.6) | 0.84 (0.76–0.91) | 1.00 (0.91–1.10) |
| >5.0 to <5.5 | 2572 | 417 (16.2) | 181 (7.0) | 114 (4.4) | 0.75 (0.67–0.84) | 1.05 (0.94–1.19) |
| >5.5 | 902 | 135 (15.0) | 55 (6.1) | 30 (3.3) | 0.66 (0.55–0.78) | 1.01 (0.84–1.22) |
Case-mix + MICS models adjusted for age, sex, diabetes mellitus, primary insurance, vascular access type, spKt/V, HD treatment time, UF, and cardiovascular risk factors including pre-HD systolic BP, pre-HD diastolic BP, BMI, comorbidities, 13 surrogates of nutritional and/or inflammatory status (albumin, hemoglobin, peripheral WBC, lymphocyte percentage, ferritin, TIBC, calcium, phosphorus, bicarbonate, BUN, iPTH, nPCR, and ESA dose).
Abbreviations: N, number; CV, cardiovascular; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval