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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2017 Jun 26;25(4):249–254. doi: 10.1037/pha0000134

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Mean±SEM change in MNWS withdrawal (and in the single “craving” item) from overnight abstinent baseline (CO≤10 ppm) to the end of each 2-hr session, following controlled use of a nicotine or placebo e-cigarette, or no e-cigarette, in a within-subjects design (N=28). * p<.05, *** p<.005