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. 2017 Aug 7;7:7393. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07952-9

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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PDK1 is involved in HIMF-induced IL-18 production. (A) Cells were incubated with HIMF (3 nM) for indicated time intervals and cell lysates were immunoblotted with an antibody specific for phospho-PDK1. (B) Cells were transfected with a PDK1 siRNA for 24 h, and PDK1 protein expression was analyzed. (C) HIMF-induced IL-18 mRNA was inhibited by a PDK1 inhibitor or PDK1 siRNA. (D) Cells were pretreated for 30 min with a PDK1 inhibitor or transfected with siRNA against PDK1 for 24 h, then stimulated with HIMF for 24 h, and the conditioned media was collected and examined by ELISA. (E) HIMF-induced PDK1 phosphorylation was inhibited by a PDK1 inhibitor or PDK1 siRNA. Results are expressed as the means ± SEM of four independent experiments. *p < 0.05 as compared with the control group. # p < 0.05 as compared with HIMF-treated group.