Figure 1.

FKA inhibits the anchorage-dependent and independent growth of breast cancer cell lines with minimal effect on normal breast epithelial cells. (A) the 2D and 3D chemical structure of FKA; (B) 5 × 10⁴ MCF10A, MCF7, MCF7/HER2, MDA-MB-468, and SKBR3 cells were plated in 24-well culture plates. After 72 h, cells were treated with 0.05% dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO or FKA at the indicated concentrations. After 72 h of treatment, cell densities were measured by MTT assay. Points show the mean of four independent plates; bars, SE. Each sample was counted in duplicate; (C) MCF7 and MCF7/HER2 cells were grown in soft agar in six-well plates and treated with 0.05% DMSO or FKA at the indicated concentrations for 30 days. The number of colonies was determined by counting them under an inverted phase-contrast microscope at ×100 magnification; a group of >10 cells was counted as a colony; and (D) quantitative analysis of inhibitory effect of FKA against soft agar colony formation. Columns show the means of four independent wells at 30 days after the start of cell seeding; bars, SE.