Table 4.
Preference participants: adjusted mean (SE), and difference between mean (95% CI) outcome scores. All scores adjusted for child’s gender, number of children, maternal education, maternal employment prior to the birth of her baby, housing situation, and maternal age (years) at baseline.
| Outcome assessment | Clinic+Internet (n=141) |
Home-based (n=187) |
Difference (95% CI) |
Non-inferiority criteriona | ||||
| Maternal confidence | ||||||||
| Parenting Stress Index – Competenceb | ||||||||
| Baseline | 22.55 (0.02) | 22.83 (0.02) | −0.28 (−0.35 to −0.21) | |||||
| 9 months | 20.43 (0.02) | 20.48 (0.02) | −0.05 (−0.11 to −0.02) | Upper CI < 1.40 | ||||
| 15 months | 20.57 (0.02) | 20.51 (0.02) | 0.06 (−0.01 to 0.13) | Upper CI < 1.40 | ||||
| 21 months | 20.31 (0.02) | 20.13 (0.02) | 0.18 (0.11 to 0.25) | Upper CI < 1.40 | ||||
| Parenting Stress Index – Isolation | ||||||||
| Baseline | 39.97 (0.05) | 40.19 (0.03) | −0.21 (−0.32 to −0.10) | |||||
| 9 months | 41.29 (0.05) | 41.92 (0.03) | −0.62 (−0.73 to −0.51) | Lower CI > −1.08 | ||||
| 15 months | 41.63 (0.05) | 42.14 (0.03) | −0.51 (−0.62 to −0.40) | Lower CI > −1.08 | ||||
| 21 months | 41.71 (0.05) | 42.35 (0.03) | −0.64 (−0.75 to −0.53) | Lower CI > −1.08 | ||||
| Maternal social support | ||||||||
| Parenting Stress Index – Isolationb | ||||||||
| Baseline | 11.46 (0.08) | 11.12 (0.07) | 0.34 (0.14 to 0.54) | |||||
| 9 months | 12.05 (0.08) | 11.21 (0.07) | 0.83 (0.64 to 1.03) | Upper CI < 0.96c | ||||
| 15 months | 12.33 (0.08) | 11.71 (0.07) | 0.62 (0.42 to 0.82) | Upper CI < 0.96 | ||||
| 21 months | 12.20 (0.08) | 11.56 (0.07) | 0.65 (0.45 to 0.85) | Upper CI < 0.96 | ||||
| Interpersonal Support Evaluation List – Short Form” | ||||||||
| Baseline | 40.41 (0.10) | 40.93 (0.09) | −0.52 (−0.78 to −0.25) | |||||
| 9 months | 38.77 (0.10) | 39.53 (0.09) | −0.76 (−1.02 to −0.49) | Lower CI > −1.58 | ||||
| 15 months | 38.29 (0.10) | 39.22 (0.09) | −0.94 (−1.20 to −0.67) | Lower CI > −1.58 | ||||
| 21 months | 38.38 (0.10) | 39.23 (0.09) | −0.85 (−1.11 to −0.58) | Lower CI > −1.58 | ||||
| Maternal Support Scale | ||||||||
| Baseline | 73.93 (0.13) | 77.09 (0.11) | −3.16 (−3.49 to −2.82) | |||||
| 9 months | 74.74 (0.13) | 75.72 (0.11) | −0.99 (−1.32 to −0.65) | Lower CI > −2.42 | ||||
| 15 months | 74.37 (0.13) | 76.30 (0.11) | −1.94 (−2.27 to −1.60) | Lower CI > −2.42 | ||||
| 21 months | 75.11 (0.13) | 76.69 (0.11) | −1.58 (−1.92 to −1.25) | Lower CI > −2.42 | ||||
| Child outcomes | ||||||||
| Ages and Stages Questionnaire – Social-Emotionalb | ||||||||
| 9 months | 22.25 (0.37) | 21.42 (0.27) | 0.83 (−0.07 to 1.72) | Upper CI < 3.34 | ||||
| 15 months | 23.69 (0.37) | 22.00 (0.27) | 1.69 (0.80-2.58) | Upper CI < 3.87 | ||||
| 21 months | 24.72 (0.37) | 22.08 (0.27) | 2.64 (1.75-3.54) | Upper CI < 4.21 | ||||
| MacArthur Communication Development Inventories | ||||||||
| 21 months | 32.38 (0.74) | 33.33 (0.62) | −0.95 (−2.84 to 0.94) | Lower CI > −5.61 | ||||
aNon-inferiority is found when the 95% CI of the difference between the means meets the non-inferiority criteria. Non-inferiority is not applicable to baseline scores.
bHigher scores indicate more problems.
cFailed to achieve non-inferiority.