Preobservation FC predicted motor learning by observing scores for the learning group. This figure shows neuroimaging data from the learning group only. Preobservation (day 1) resting-state FC between the left S1 ROI (inset at left) and clusters in bilateral PMd, bilateral M1, bilateral S1, and left SPL are shown. FC values reflect the Fisher Z-transformed temporal correlation between the ROI time series and the average time series of all clusters in the identified network for each subject. Across subjects in the learning group, the average day 1 resting-state FC within this network was positively correlated with day 2 motor learning by observing scores. As shown in the scatterplot on right, subjects who exhibited stronger resting-state FC within this network on day 1 achieved greater motor learning by observing scores on the following day (r = 0.76, P = 0.001).