Table 3.
Relative hazards and confidence intervals (CIs) from proportional hazards models of mortality without time-dependent covariates (TDCs): gender- and education-specific results
| Independent variable (reference category or range) | Category | Gender | Education | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male (n = 513) | Female (n = 503) | Illiterate (n = 155) | Some education (n = 861) | ||||||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||
| Self-rated health (good) | Fair |
1.42**
(1.12–1.80) |
1.36*
(1.06–1.74) |
1.59**
(1.13–2.23) |
1.27 (0.89–1.82) |
1.33 (0.76–2.34) |
0.99 (0.53–1.86) |
1.46***
(1.19–1.80) |
1.34*
(1.07–1.66) |
| Poor |
2.63***
(1.90–3.65) |
2.52***
(1.73–3.67) |
2.14***
(1.46–3.13) |
1.49 (0.96–2.31) |
1.89*
(1.02–3.51) |
1.21 (0.58–2.52) |
2.38***
(1.82–3.11) |
2.08***
(1.53–2.83) |
|
Notes: The level of statistical significance for self-rated health is from the overall p value for self-rated health. All model values are hazard ratios (95% confidence interval)
Model 1: Cox regression adjusted for age, gender or education, and marital status
Model 2: Cox regression adjusted for variables in Model 1 plus chronic conditions, ADL disability, cognitive function, depressive symptoms, smoking and physical activity
ADL activities of daily living
Bold values indicate the significant variables in the analysis
*p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001