Table 2.
OS (ISF:8) | FL (ISF:8) | EWB (ISF:8) | SWB (ISF:8) | CPQ11–14 total score (ISF:8) | OS (RSF:8) | FL (RSF:8) | EWB (RSF:8) | SWB (RSF:8) | CPQ11–14 total score (RSF:8) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | Mean (SD) | Median(IQR) | P1 | P2 | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | P1 | P2 | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | P1 | P2 | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | P1 | P2 | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | P1 | P2 | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | P1 | P2 | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | P1 | P2 | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | P1 | P2 | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | P1 | P2 | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | P1 | P2 | |
Gender | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
F | 305 | 3.26(1.29) | 3.00(2) | 0.000** | 0.000** | 1.19(1.25) | 1.00(2) | 0.148 | 0.329 | 1.63(1.50) | 2.00(3) | 0.110 | 0.061 | 1.10(1.24) | 1.00(2) | 0.842 | 0.786 | 7.19(3.56) | 7.00(5) | 0.279 | 0.372 | 2.66(1.39) | 3.00(2) | 0.108 | 0.110 | 1.21(1.20) | 1.00(2) | 0.232 | 0.096 | 1.78(1.44) | 2.00(2) | 0.026* | 0.013* | 1.42(1.45) | 1.00(2) | 0.657 | 0.995 | 7.08(3.79) | 7.00(5) | 0.646 | 0.550 |
M | 284 | 3.65(1.37) | 4.00(2) | 1.35(1.44) | 1.00(2) | 1.43(1.53) | 1.00(2) | 1.08(1.25) | 1.00(2) | 7.51(3.77) | 7.00(5) | 2.85(1.42) | 3.00(2) | 1.09(1.27) | 1.00(2) | 1.51(1.47) | 1.00(3) | 1.48(1.60) | 1.00(3) | 6.93(3.92) | 7.00(5) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total | 589 | 3.45(1.34) | 4.00(1) | 1.26(1.35) | 1.00(2) | 1.54(1.51) | 1.00(2) | 1.10(1.24) | 1.00(2) | 7.34(3.66) | 7.00(5) | 2.75(1.41) | 3.00(2) | 1.15(1.23) | 1.00(2) | 1.65(1.46) | 1.00(3) | 1.45(1.52) | 1.00(2) | 7.01(3.85) | 7.00(5) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Father’s education | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary school graduate or below | 88 | 3.24(1.47) | 3.00(2) | 0.016* | 0.019* | 1.27(1.44) | 1.00(2) | 0.796 | 0.969 | 1.34(1.57) | 1.00(2) | 0.295 | 0.200 | 1.03(1.19) | 1.00(2) | 0.717 | 0.889 | 6.89(3.78) | 7.00(5) | 0.218 | 0.177 | 2.60(1.47) | 3.00(2) | 0.043* | 0.029* | 1.33(1.36) | 1.00(2) | 0.139 | 0.119 | 1.48(1.45) | 1.00(3) | 0.471 | 0.387 | 1.35(1.31) | 1.00(2) | 0.779 | 0.947 | 6.76(3.97) | 6.50(5) | 0.468 | 0.475 |
Secondary school graduate or below | 406 | 3.55(1.32) | 4.00(1) | 1.24(1.29) | 1.00(2) | 1.60(1.52) | 1.00(3) | 1.12(1.29) | 1.00(2) | 7.52(3.64) | 7.00(5) | 2.85(1.38) | 3.00(2) | 1.16(1.21) | 1.00(2) | 1.67(1.47) | 2.00(3) | 1.46(1.52) | 1.00(2) | 7.14(3.88) | 7.00(6) | ||||||||||||||||||||
College graduate or above | 95 | 3.19(1.26) | 3.00(2) | 1.35(1.52) | 1.00(2) | 1.45(1.44) | 1.00(2) | 1.03(1.11) | 1.00(2) | 7.02(3.61) | 7.00(6) | 2.48(1.42) | 2.00(1) | 0.97(1.22) | 1.00(1) | 1.72(1.37) | 1.00(2) | 1.51(1.73) | 1.00(3) | 6.67(3.58) | 7.00(5) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Mother’s education | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary school graduate or below | 79 | 3.61(1.59) | 4.00(2) | 0.381 | 0.179 | 1.49(1.42) | 1.00(2) | 0.246 | 0.262 | 2.00(1.78) | 2.00(3) | 0.014* | 0.049* | 1.19(1.20) | 1.00(2) | 0.644 | 0.542 | 8.29(4.24) | 8.00(6) | 0.044* | 0.079 | 3.13(1.45) | 3.00(2) | 0.010* | 0.003** | 1.59(1.59) | 1.00(3) | 0.002** | 0.028* | 1.95(1.54) | 2.00(2) | 0.120 | 0.117 | 1.84(1.54) | 2.00(2) | 0.045* | 0.026* | 8.51(4.51) | 8.00(7) | 0.001** | 0.005** |
Secondary school graduate or below | 438 | 3.44(1.29) | 4.00(1) | 1.22(1.31) | 1.00(2) | 1.47(1.48) | 1.00(2) | 1.09(1.27) | 1.00(2) | 7.22(3.57) | 7.00(4) | 2.74(1.41) | 3.00(2) | 1.10(1.16) | 1.00(2) | 1.59(1.45) | 1.00(3) | 1.37(1.50) | 1.00(2) | 6.80(3.72) | 7.00(5) | ||||||||||||||||||||
College graduate or above | 72 | 3.31(1.35) | 3.00(2) | 1.29(1.51) | 1.00(2) | 1.46(1.29) | 1.50(2) | 1.00(1.15) | 1.00(2) | 7.06(3.44) | 7.00(5) | 2.44(1.29) | 2.00(1) | 0.99(1.14) | 1.00(2) | 1.69(1.34) | 2.00(2) | 1.49(1.57) | 1.00(3) | 6.61(3.49) | 7.00(5) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Household income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Below HK$10,000 | 145 | 3.35(1.37) | 3.00(2) | 0.143 | 0.058 | 1.16(1.32) | 1.00(2) | 0.443 | 0.314 | 1.48(1.55) | 1.00(2) | 0.480 | 0.625 | 1.14(1.33) | 1.00(2) | 0.555 | 0.778 | 7.13(3.68) | 7.00(6) | 0.258 | 0.216 | 2.63(1.37) | 3.00(2) | 0.106 | 0.086 | 1.20(1.21) | 1.00(2) | 0.506 | 0.501 | 1.60(1.39) | 1.00(3) | 0.676 | 0.795 | 1.48(1.43) | 1.00(2) | 0.586 | 0.353 | 6.91(4.03) | 7.00(6) | 0.195 | 0.214 |
HK$10,001-HK$20,000 | 213 | 3.61(1.32) | 4.00(1) | 1.24(1.29) | 1.00(2) | 1.59(1.53) | 1.00(3) | 1.17(1.33) | 1.00(2) | 7.61(3.75) | 7.00(5) | 2.88(1.41) | 3.00(2) | 1.15(1.21) | 1.00(2) | 1.70(1.58) | 2.00(3) | 1.49(1.56) | 1.00(2) | 7.23(3.75) | 7.00(4) | ||||||||||||||||||||
HK$20,001-HK$30,000 | 92 | 3.30(1.37) | 3.00(2) | 1.26(1.46) | 1.00(2) | 1.47(1.45) | 1.00(2) | 1.04(1.09) | 1.00(2) | 7.08(3.67) | 7.00(6) | 2.83(1.44) | 3.00(2) | 1.07(1.26) | 1.00(2) | 1.67(1.40) | 1.50(3) | 1.29(1.61) | 1.00(2) | 6.86(3.93) | 7.00(5) | ||||||||||||||||||||
HK$30,001-HK$40,000 | 62 | 3.58(1.31) | 4.00(1) | 1.55(1.35) | 1.00(2) | 1.81(1.68) | 2.00(3) | 1.03(1.16) | 1.00(2) | 7.97(3.21) | 8.00(5) | 2.89(1.46) | 3.00(2) | 1.35(1.39) | 1.00(2) | 1.77(1.44) | 2.00(2) | 1.65(1.53) | 2.00(3) | 7.66(3.97) | 7.50(5) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Over HK$40,001 | 77 | 3.26(1.34) | 3.00(2) | 1.30(1.43) | 1.00(2) | 1.38(1.35) | 1.00(2) | 0.91(1.07) | 1.00(2) | 6.84(3.69) | 6.00(6) | 2.43(1.34) | 2.00(2) | 1.01(1.18) | 1.00(2) | 1.45(1.30) | 1.00(3) | 1.31(1.48) | 1.00(2) | 6.21(3.48) | 5.00(6) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Periodontal status | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
CPI score = 0 | 80 | 3.34(1.40) | 3.00(2) | 0.428 | 0.172 | 1.06(1.22) | 1.00(2) | 0.149 | 0.174 | 1.21(1.38) | 1.00(2) | 0.039* | 0.037* | 0.84(1.01) | 1.00(1) | 0.020* | 0.073 | 6.45(3.58) | 6.00(4) | 0.019* | 0.008** | 2.68(1.42) | 3.00(2) | 0.598 | 0.530 | 1.09(1.28) | 1.00(2) | 0.602 | 0.426 | 1.40(1.40) | 1.00(2) | 0.100 | 0.087 | 1.34(1.42) | 1.00(2) | 0.478 | 0.541 | 6.50(3.63) | 6.00(5) | 0.207 | 0.196 |
CPI score > 0 | 509 | 3.47(1.33) | 4.00(1) | 1.30(1.37) | 1.00(2) | 1.59(1.53) | 1.00(3) | 1.14(1.27) | 1.00(2) | 7.49(3.66) | 7.00(5) | 2.76(1.41) | 3.00(2) | 1.17(1.23) | 1.00(2) | 1.69(1.46) | 2.00(3) | 1.47(1.54) | 1.00(2) | 7.08(3.88) | 7.00(5) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Caries experience | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
< SiC Index value | 499 | 3.43(1.34) | 4.00(1) | 0.570 | 0.713 | 1.24(1.35) | 1.00(2) | 0.229 | 0.125 | 1.52(1.52) | 1.00(2) | 0.418 | 0.297 | 1.05(1.20) | 1.00(2) | 0.048* | 0.078 | 7.24(3.66) | 7.00(6) | 0.098 | 0.098 | 2.72(1.41) | 3.00(2) | 0.213 | 0.233 | 1.15(1.26) | 1.00(2) | 0.774 | 0.382 | 1.61(1.44) | 1.00(3) | 0.143 | 0.157 | 1.38(1.51) | 1.00(2) | 0.014* | 0.008** | 6.87(3.82) | 7.00(5) | 0.038* | 0.037* |
> =SiC Index value | 90 | 3.52(1.35) | 4.00(1) | 1.42(1.32) | 1.00(2) | 1.66(1.47) | 2.00(3) | 1.33(1.44) | 1.00(2) | 7.93(3.66) | 8.00(5) | 2.92(1.39) | 3.00(2) | 1.19(1.08) | 1.00(2) | 1.86(1.53) | 2.00(3) | 1.81(1.56) | 2.00(3) | 7.78(3.92) | 7.50(6) | ||||||||||||||||||||
IOTN (DHC) treatment need | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
No need | 321 | 3.46(1.31) | 4.00(1) | 0.513 | 0.710 | 1.13(1.26) | 1.00(2) | 0.024* | 0.047* | 1.48(1.47) | 1.00(2) | 0.368 | 0.273 | 0.98(1.16) | 1.00(2) | 0.018* | 0.052 | 7.05(3.46) | 7.00(5) | 0.078 | 0.159 | 2.72(1.38) | 3.00(2) | 0.783 | 0.708 | 1.12(1.18) | 1.00(2) | 0.617 | 0.293 | 1.55(1.36) | 1.00(3) | 0.200 | 0.381 | 1.44(1.53) | 1.00(2) | 0.482 | 0.307 | 6.83(3.63) | 7.00(5) | 0.335 | 0.380 |
Borderline need | 106 | 3.55(1.40) | 4.00(1) | 1.36(1.36) | 1.00(2) | 1.50(1.64) | 1.00(3) | 1.09(1.24) | 1.00(2) | 7.50(3.62) | 7.00(5) | 2.77(1.45) | 3.00(2) | 1.14(1.46) | 1.00(2) | 1.74(1.48) | 2.00(3) | 1.32(1.56) | 1.00(2) | 6.97(3.97) | 7.00(5) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Definite need | 162 | 3.36(1.38) | 4.00(1) | 1.47(1.48) | 1.00(2) | 1.68(1.51) | 2.00(3) | 1.32(1.38) | 1.00(2) | 7.83(4.03) | 8.00(5) | 2.81(1.43) | 3.00(2) | 1.23(1.17) | 1.00(2) | 1.78(1.60) | 2.00(3) | 1.55(1.49) | 2.00(3) | 7.38(4.17) | 7.00(6) | ||||||||||||||||||||
IOTN (AC) treatment need | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
No need | 469 | 3.45(1.32) | 4.00(1) | 0.153 | 0.160 | 1.23(1.37) | 1.00(2) | 0.514 | 0.272 | 1.51(1.51) | 1.00(2) | 0.265 | 0.295 | 1.01(1.21) | 1.00(2) | 0.003** | 0.003** | 7.20(3.66) | 7.00(6) | 0.092 | 0.060 | 2.72(1.38) | 3.00(2) | 0.208 | 0.167 | 1.14(1.21) | 1.00(2) | 0.602 | 0.599 | 1.61(1.45) | 1.00(3) | 0.349 | 0.339 | 1.43(1.54) | 1.00(2) | 0.556 | 0.440 | 6.90(3.83) | 7.00(5) | 0.161 | 0.187 |
Borderline need | 89 | 3.57(1.47) | 4.00(1) | 1.39(1.28) | 1.00(2) | 1.76(1.57) | 2.00(3) | 1.39(1.25) | 1.00(2) | 8.12(3.60) | 8.00(6) | 2.98(1.53) | 3.00(2) | 1.27(1.34) | 1.00(2) | 1.85(1.50) | 2.00(3) | 1.61(1.48) | 2.00(2) | 7.71(4.06) | 7.00(6) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Definite need | 31 | 3.03(1.28) | 3.00(2) | 1.39(1.31) | 1.00(2) | 1.35(1.33) | 1.00(2) | 1.55(1.55) | 1.00(2) | 7.32(3.65) | 8.00(5) | 2.55(1.31) | 3.00(2) | 1.06(1.32) | 1.00(2) | 1.65(1.43) | 2.00(3) | 1.35(1.31) | 1.00(2) | 6.61(3.33) | 6.00(5) | ||||||||||||||||||||
DAI | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Normal or minor malocclusion- no treatment need or slight need | 312 | 3.41(1.32) | 4.00(2) | 0.875 | 0.836 | 1.13(1.28) | 1.00(2) | 0.060 | 0.074 | 1.43(1.47) | 1.00(2) | 0.093 | 0.139 | 0.92(1.08) | 1.00(2) | 0.000** | 0.002** | 6.89(3.49) | 7.00(5) | 0.009** | 0.027* | 2.64(1.36) | 3.00(2) | 0.147 | 0.203 | 1.11(1.20) | 1.00(2) | 0.701 | 0.700 | 1.53(1.40) | 1.00(3) | 0.115 | 0.163 | 1.35(1.46) | 1.00(2) | 0.342 | 0.366 | 6.63(3.70) | 6.00(5) | 0.063 | 0.083 |
Definite malocclusion -treatment selective | 143 | 3.50(1.31) | 4.00(1) | 1.35(1.35) | 1.00(2) | 1.55(1.49) | 1.00(2) | 1.22(1.39) | 1.00(2) | 7.62(3.46) | 7.00(5) | 2.81(1.43) | 3.00(2) | 1.20(1.34) | 1.00(2) | 1.71(1.35) | 2.00(3) | 1.51(1.67) | 1.00(2) | 7.24(3.76) | 7.00(5) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Severe malocclusion -treatment highly desirable | 87 | 3.51(1.41) | 4.00(1) | 1.45(1.46) | 1.00(3) | 1.90(1.69) | 2.00(3) | 1.17(1.20) | 1.00(2) | 8.02(4.04) | 8.00(5) | 3.00(1.46) | 3.00(2) | 1.26(1.24) | 1.00(2) | 1.80(1.68) | 2.00(3) | 1.67(1.64) | 2.00(3) | 7.74(4.30) | 7.00(6) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Very severe (handicapping) malocclusion-treatment mandatory | 47 | 3.45(1.50) | 3.00(1) | 1.55(1.50) | 1.00(2) | 1.53(1.47) | 1.00(2) | 1.74(1.59) | 2.00(3) | 8.28(4.29) | 8.00(6) | 2.87(1.48) | 3.00(2) | 1.09(1.14) | 1.00(2) | 1.98(1.60) | 2.00(3) | 1.51(1.18) | 2.00(2) | 7.45(4.03) | 8.00(6) | ||||||||||||||||||||
ICON treatment need | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
No | 383 | 3.43(1.32) | 4.00(1) | 0.668 | 0.451 | 1.19(1.36) | 1.00(2) | 0.059 | 0.015* | 1.50(1.52) | 1.00(2) | 0.442 | 0.348 | 1.01(1.17) | 1.00(2) | 0.031* | 0.042* | 7.13(3.68) | 7.00(5) | 0.053 | 0.019* | 2.69(1.38) | 3.00(2) | 0.124 | 0.119 | 1.14(1.23) | 1.00(2) | 0.770 | 0.754 | 1.62(1.46) | 1.00(3) | 0.499 | 0.414 | 1.38(1.49) | 1.00(2) | 0.121 | 0.122 | 6.83(3.86) | 7.00(5) | 0.127 | 0.087 |
Yes | 206 | 3.48(1.39) | 4.00(1) | 1.41(1.31) | 1.00(2) | 1.60(1.50) | 1.00(3) | 1.25(1.35) | 1.00(2) | 7.74(3.60) | 8.00(5) | 2.87(1.46) | 3.00(2) | 1.17(1.25) | 1.00(2) | 1.70(1.44) | 2.00(3) | 1.58(1.57) | 1.00(2) | 7.33(3.82) | 7.00(5) | ||||||||||||||||||||
ICON complexity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Easy | 173 | 3.42(1.31) | 3.00(1) | 0.546 | 0.482 | 1.10(1.31) | 1.00(2) | 0.433 | 0.262 | 1.48(1.51) | 1.00(2) | 0.822 | 0.812 | 0.98(1.17) | 1.00(2) | 0.077 | 0.108 | 6.98(3.74) | 7.00(5) | 0.429 | 0.295 | 2.69(1.35) | 3.00(2) | 0.091 | 0.085 | 1.16(1.29) | 1.00(2) | 0.634 | 0.736 | 1.44(1.40) | 1.00(2) | 0.213 | 0.220 | 1.42(1.48) | 1.00(2) | 0.886 | 0.755 | 6.71(3.94) | 6.00(6) | 0.216 | 0.221 |
Mild | 292 | 3.47(1.30) | 4.00(1) | 1.32(1.40) | 1.00(2) | 1.53(1.53) | 1.00(2) | 1.06(1.25) | 1.00(2) | 7.37(3.60) | 7.00(5) | 2.72(1.43) | 3.00(2) | 1.15(1.17) | 1.00(2) | 1.73(1.47) | 2.00(3) | 1.44(1.59) | 1.00(2) | 7.03(3.82) | 7.00(5) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Moderate | 67 | 3.63(1.55) | 4.00(2) | 1.33(1.33) | 1.00(2) | 1.73(1.62) | 2.00(3) | 1.27(1.23) | 1.00(2) | 7.96(3.98) | 9.00(5) | 3.19(1.36) | 3.00(2) | 1.33(1.45) | 1.00(2) | 1.82(1.57) | 2.00(3) | 1.63(1.43) | 2.00(3) | 7.97(4.01) | 8.00(6) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Difficult | 33 | 3.30(1.49) | 3.00(2) | 1.39(1.20) | 1.00(2) | 1.58(1.23) | 2.00(2) | 1.30(1.29) | 1.00(2) | 7.58(3.08) | 8.00(5) | 2.67(1.47) | 3.00(2) | 1.03(1.10) | 1.00(2) | 1.58(1.25) | 2.00(3) | 1.39(1.52) | 1.00(2) | 6.67(3.36) | 7.00(6) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Very difficult | 24 | 3.13(1.30) | 3.00(2) | 1.46(1.25) | 1.00(2) | 1.42(1.41) | 1.00(3) | 1.63(1.58) | 1.50(3) | 7.63(3.72) | 7.50(4) | 2.50(1.38) | 2.50(3) | 0.92(1.18) | 0.50(2) | 1.83(1.47) | 2.00(3) | 1.33(1.27) | 1.00(2) | 6.58(3.43) | 7.00(5) | ||||||||||||||||||||
PAR | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Almost ideal occlusion | 122 | 3.43(1.40) | 4.00(1) | 0.963 | 0.993 | 1.07(1.21) | 1.00(2) | 0.025* | 0.007** | 1.45(1.39) | 1.00(2) | 0.671 | 0.892 | 0.99(1.18) | 1.00(2) | 0.134 | 0.264 | 6.94(3.63) | 7.00(5) | 0.229 | 0.194 | 2.66(1.42) | 3.00(2) | 0.236 | 0.230 | 1.16(1.12) | 1.00(2) | 0.887 | 0.853 | 1.51(1.42) | 1.00(2) | 0.481 | 0.471 | 1.34(1.54) | 1.00(2) | 0.691 | 0.576 | 6.68(3.76) | 6.50(5) | 0.547 | 0.608 |
Acceptable occlusion | 254 | 3.46(1.25) | 4.00(1) | 1.20(1.41) | 1.00(2) | 1.59(1.61) | 1.00(3) | 1.03(1.17) | 1.00(2) | 7.29(3.69) | 7.00(6) | 2.69(1.37) | 3.00(2) | 1.18(1.32) | 1.00(2) | 1.70(1.45) | 1.00(3) | 1.48(1.52) | 1.00(3) | 7.04(3.81) | 7.00(5) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Malocclusion | 213 | 3.44(1.43) | 4.00(1) | 1.46(1.33) | 1.00(2) | 1.52(1.47) | 1.00(2) | 1.23(1.36) | 1.00(2) | 7.64(3.64) | 7.00(5) | 2.88(1.44) | 3.00(2) | 1.12(1.20) | 1.00(2) | 1.67(1.48) | 2.00(3) | 1.48(1.52) | 1.00(2) | 7.15(3.96) | 7.00(6) |
P1: p value of parametric tests; P2: p value of nonparametric tests; *: p < 0.05, **p < 0.01
Parametric tests: comparison between two samples used the independent samples t test; others used the one-way ANOVA; nonparametric tests: comparison between two samples used the Mann-Whitney U test; others used the Kruskal-Wallis H test
SiC Index Significant Caries Index