Table 1.
Geometric mean (GM) and percent difference (% diff.) in HOME Study children’s urinary BPA concentrations at 1–8 years of age, according to sociodemographic and household factors (N = 317 with a total of 1,266 repeated measures).
| Variable | N children (%) | Number of measurements | Unadjusted GM (ng/mL)1 | Unadjusted % diff. (95% CI)1 | Adjusted GM (ng/mL)2 | Adjusted % diff. (95% CI)2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Child Race | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 200(63.1) | 830 | 2.4 | Ref. | 2.7 | Ref. |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 96 (30.3) | 353 | 3.4 | 43 (28, 59) | 3.2 | 20 (6, 34) |
| Other | 21(6.6) | 83 | 2.9 | 22 (−1, 52) | 3.2 | 19 (−7, 50) |
|
| ||||||
| Child Sex | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Female | 173(54.6) | 689 | 2.8 | Ref. | 3.1 | Ref. |
| Male | 144(45.4) | 577 | 2.5 | −11 (−18, −3) | 2.9 | −9 (−20, 5) |
|
| ||||||
| Household Income | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| $20,000 | 59 (18.6) | 207 | 3.7 | Ref. | 3.4 | Ref. |
| >$20,000–40,000 | 42 (13.2) | 152 | 3.0 | −20 (−31, −7) | 3.0 | −12 (−26, 3) |
| >$40,000–80,000 | 110(34.7) | 403 | 2.4 | −36 (−41, −29) | 2.9 | −16 (−27, −3) |
| >$80,000 | 106(33.4) | 504 | 2.4 | −35 (−41, −30) | 3.1 | −9 (−22, 6) |
|
| ||||||
| Maternal Education | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Less than grade 12 | 27(8.5) | 99 | 4.0 | Ref. | 3.7 | Ref. |
| High school graduate | 37 (11.7) | 129 | 3.2 | −20 (−32, −5) | 3.1 | −18 (−33, −1) |
| Some college | 85 (26.8) | 355 | 3.0 | −24 (−32, −16) | 3.1 | −18 (−29, −5) |
| College graduate | 168 (53.0) | 683 | 2.2 | −43 (−47, −39) | 2.4 | −36 (−47, −24) |
1
Adjusted for creatinine z-score and age
2
Adjusted for creatinine z-score, age, child race, sex, household income, and maternal education. Income and education are included as time-varying factors in the model.