Table 2.
Mortality risk associated with daily activities (n=473)a
| Activity category | Relative risk (CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 (unadjusted) | Model 2 (adjusted)b | Model 3 (model 2+interaction with time)c | |
| Regenerative | 1.91 (1.56, 2.35)* | 1.18 (0.94, 1.47) | |
| Productive | 0.59 (0.48, 0.73)* | 0.93 (0.74, 1.17) | |
| Consumptive | 0.66 (0.54, 0.81)* | 0.82 (0.66, 1.02) | 0.55 (0.36, 0.84)* |
| Consumptive×time | - | - | 1.09 (1.01, 1.18)* |
| Active leisure | 0.73 (0.59, 0.89)* | 0.94 (0.76, 1.17) | |
| Locomotion | 0.53 (0.43, 0.65)* | 0.75 (0.60, 0.93)* | |
| Health-related activitiesd | 1.05 (0.84, 1.32) | 1.05 (0.83, 1.33) | |
| Reading | 0.76 (0.62, 0.93)* | 0.98 (0.79, 1.22) | |
| TV/radio | 0.90 (0.73, 1.10)* | 0.98 (0.80, 1.21) | 0.70 (0.47, 1.04) |
| TV/radio×time | - | - | 1.08 (1.00, 1.16)* |
| Social activity | 0.80 (0.65, 0.98)* | 0.84 (0.68, 1.03) | |
| Face-to-face talksd | 0.80 (0.65, 0.98)* | 0.85 (0.69, 1.05) | |
| Visitingd | 0.85 (0.64, 1.12) | 0.83 (0.63, 1.11) | |
| Phone conversationsd | 0.65 (0.50, 0.83)* | 0.86 (0.65, 1.12) | |
| Other social interactiond | 1.25 (0.88, 1.79) | 1.10 (0.76, 1.59) | |
| Consumptive w/out social | 0.78 (0.63, 0.95)* | 0.94 (0.76, 1.16) | 0.58 (0.38, 0.87)* |
| Consumptive w/out social×time | - | - | 1.11 (1.03, 1.20)* |
aRelative risks are reported; 95% confidence intervals for relative risks are shown in parentheses; * p<0.05
bAdjusted mortality risks were obtained from Cox regression models including the respective activity, age, sex, education, number of diagnoses, balance/gait, digit letter, and living in institution
cEntries in this column indicate that the inclusion of the interaction term significantly (p<0.05) improved the fit of the model
dThe coding of this variable is equivalent to the dichotomy “yes–no” (see Table 1)