Table 3.
Mean differences in HOMA-IR across the expanded normal weight obesity (eNWO) categories, adjusted for covariates.
| Covariates | Expanded normal weight obesity (eNWO) | F | P | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UW | NW-L | NW-H | OW-L | OW-H | OB-L | OB-H | |||
| mean ± SE | mean ± SE | mean ± SE | mean ± SE | mean ± SE | mean ± SE | mean ± SE | |||
| None | 0.8 ± 0.07a | 1.1 ± 0.02b | 1.6 ± 0.08c | 1.9 ± 0.05d | 2.2 ± 0.07e | 3.2 ± 0.28f | 3.9 ± 0.14g | 291.3 | <0.0001 |
| Demographics∗ | 0.9 ± 0.09a | 1.2 ± 0.05b | 1.7 ± 0.08c | 1.8 ± 0.07d | 2.3 ± 0.08e | 3.2 ± 0.28f | 4.0 ± 0.13g | 286.2 | <0.0001 |
| Demographics and lifestyle† | 0.9 ± 0.09a | 1.1 ± 0.05b | 1.6 ± 0.09c | 1.8 ± 0.07d | 2.2 ± 0.09e | 3.2 ± 0.29f | 3.9 ± 0.12g | 340.9 | <0.0001 |
UW = underweight (n = 94, proportion = 1.9%); NW-L = normal weight-low body fat (n = 1624, proportion = 30.1%); NW-H = normal weight-high body fat (n = 288, proportion = 4.5%); OW-L = overweight-low body fat (n = 927, proportion = 15.9%); OW-H = overweight-high body fat (n = 1221, proportion = 18.3%); OB-L = obese-low body fat (n = 141, proportion = 2.1%); OB-H = obese-high body fat (n = 1688, proportion = 27.2%). Ns are unweighted and proportions are survey-weighted. Focus should be on the survey-weighted proportions because they represent the US adult population. a,b,c,d,e,f,gMeans on the same row with the same superscript letter are not significantly different. For this table, each mean is significantly different from each other mean (P < 0.05). ∗Demographic covariates included age, sex, race, and year of assessment. †Lifestyle covariates included moderate physical activity, vigorous physical activity, and smoking. Means on the same row have been adjusted for differences in the covariates listed in the first column.