Table 2.

Gene therapies for supraventricular tachyarrhythmias

	Vector	Delivery technique	Genetic information	Species	Target	Outcomes
Donahue et al., 2000	adenovirus	anterograde coronary injection	rat Gαi2	swine	AVN	↑ ERP in AVN, ↓ HR during AF
Bauer et al., 2004	adenovirus	anterograde coronary injection	rat Gαi2 and mutant Cre-Lox recombinant cGαi2	swine	AVN	↓ HR in persistent AF
Murata et al., 2004	adenovirus	anterograde coronary injection	mutant ras-related small G-protein Gem W296G	swine	AVN	↓ conduction in AVN, ↓ HR during AF
Lungenbiel et al., 2012a	adenovirus	anterograde coronary injection	mutant siRNA-Gαs	swine	AVN	↓ conduction in AVN, ↓ HR in persistent AF
Lungenbiel et al., 2012b	adenovirus	intramyocardial injection after TT	mutant siRNA-Gαs	swine	SAN	↓ HR during SR
Amit et al., 2010	adenovirus	epicardial gene painting	mutant human ERG G628S	swine	atrium	↑ atrial APD, ↓ risk of AF
Soucek et al., 2012	adenovirus	atrial local injection + electroporation	mutant canine ERG G628S	swine	atrium	↑ atrial ERP, ↓ onset of AF
Igarashi et al., 2012	adenovirus	epicardial gene painting	human Cx40 or rat Cx43	swine	atrium	↑ intra-atrial conduction during AF ex vivo & in vivo, ↓ risk of AF
Trappe et al., 2013	adenovirus	atrial local injection + electroporation	mutant siRNA-Cas3	swine	atrium	↓ apoptosis, ↓ intra-atrial conduction heterogeneity, ↓ onset of AF

The origin of the exogenously delivered genetic material is indicated if specified in the study. Injection into the aortic root or the LV cavity was performed during transient cross clamping of the great vessels. Intramyocardial injection was performed after thoracotomy. AF, atrial fibrillation; APD, action potential duration; AVN, atrioventricular node; ERP, effective refractory period; HR, heart rate; SAN, sinoatrial node; SR, sinus rhythm; TT, thoracotomy.