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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Semin Vasc Surg. 2016 Aug 26;29(4):153–171. doi: 10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2016.08.005

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Schematic representation of the venous wall structural changes that occur after AVF creation. AVF successful maturation integrates wall thickening and outward remodeling. A failed AVF can be due to early failure to mature, with failure to develop outward remodeling or wall thickening, or may be due to later development of neointimal hyperplasia and impaired outward remodeling in a previously functional conduit.