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Types of AVF failure.
| AVF failure type | Time | Definition | Pathophysiology |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early thrombosis | < 3 weeks | thrombosis of the access | Hypercoaguability |
| Failure to mature | < 6 months | Patent access but not suitable for cannulation or high efficiency hemodialysis | Inability to remodel outwardly |
| Late failure | > 3 months | a mature AVF used for at least 3 months that subsequently develops a problem requiring intervention | Neointimal hyperplasia |
