Table 2. Systemic Treatments and ORs.
| Treatment Type | No. (%) of Participants | Unadjusted OR (95% CI)a | P Valueb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases (n = 86) |
Controls (n = 172) |
|||
| Cytotoxic | ||||
| Overall | 41 (47.7) | 77 (44.8) | 1.15 (0.65-2.04) | .63 |
| Azathioprine sodium | 19 (22.1) | 11 (6.4) | 7.05 (2.35-21.13) | <.001 |
| Cyclophosphamide | 10 (11.6) | 11 (6.4) | 3.58 (0.91-14.11) | .07 |
| Methotrexate sodium | 17 (19.8) | 46 (26.7) | 0.60 (0.29-1.22) | .16 |
| Mitoxantrone | 2 (2.3) | 2 (1.2) | 2.73 (0.23-33.0) | .43 |
| Mercaptopurine | 3 (3.5) | 9 (5.2) | 0.62 (0.15-2.53) | .51 |
| Mycophenolate mofetil hydrochloride | 5 (5.8) | 14 (8.1) | 0.66 (0.21-2.03) | .47 |
| Immunomodulating | ||||
| Overall | 29 (33.7) | 65 (37.8) | 0.78 (0.41-1.48) | .45 |
| Abatacept | 1 (1.2) | 0 | NA | .38 |
| TNF inhibitors | 13 (15.1) | 33 (19.2) | 0.71 (0.33-1.53) | .17 |
| Belimumab | 1 (1.2) | 0 | NA | .79 |
| Glatiramer acetate | 1 (1.2) | 1 (0.6) | NA | NA |
| Cyclosporine | 1 (1.2) | 0 | NA | NA |
| Lenalidomide | 0 | 1 (0.6) | NA | NA |
| Leflunomide | 3 (3.5) | 14 (8.1) | 0.41 (0.11-1.46) | NA |
| Hydroxychloroquine sulfate | 20 (23.3) | 38 (22.1) | 1.12 (0.50-2.48) | NA |
| Ustekinumab | 0 | 1 (0.6) | NA | NA |
| Corticosteroid | 35 (40.7) | 64 (37.2) | 1.22 (0.66-2.26) | .53 |
| Anti-inflammatory | ||||
| Overall | 5 (5.8) | 8 (4.7) | 1.13 (0.40-4.10) | .68 |
| Mesalamine | 5 (5.8) | 8 (4.7) | 1.13 (0.40-4.10) | .68 |
| Sulfasalazine | 2 (2.3) | 7 (4.1) | 0.57 (0.12-2.75) | .49 |
| NSAID | 7 (8.1) | 15 (8.7) | 0.92 (0.33-2.54) | .86 |
Abbreviations: NA, not applicable; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; OR, odds ratio.
a
Calculated according to individual exposures compared with controls. Conditional logistic regression was used owing to matching.
b
Calculated using the χ2 test.