Table I.

Primers used for quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Gene	Forward primer (5′-3′)	Reverse primer (5′-3′)
β-catenin	ATTGAAGCTGAGGGAGCCAC	TCCTGGCCATATCC ACCAGA
PTEN	ATGACAGCCATCATCAAAGAG	GACTTTTGTAATTTGTGTATGCTGA
AKT	GTATGCTGGCAGAGTAGGAGAAC	CAGGTAACATCAGAGACAGACACA
mTOR	AGGCCGCATTGTCTCTATCAA	GCAGTAAATGCAGGTAGTCATCCA
P53	ACGACGGTGACACGCTTCCCTG	CGCTAGGATCTGACTGCGGCTC
VEGF-A	CCCACTGAGGAGTCCAACAT	GATGATTCTGCCCTCCTCCTT
GAPDH	ATCATCCCTGCCTCTACTGG	GTCAGGTCCACCACTGACAC

PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; VEGF-A, vascular endothelial growth factor A; AKT, protein kinase B.