Table 3.

Non-clinical experiments examining the benefits of ranolazine in heart failure.

Study	Year	Study Design	Results
Sossalla et al. [39]	2008	Treatment of myocytes of 10 isolated failing human hearts with ranolazine	Treatment with ranolazine resulted in a reduction of the diastolic tension (3.9 mN/mm2 reduction, p < 0.05)
Rastogi et al. [42]	2008	Canine study of 28 dogs with induced heart failure with a randomised, blinded, placebo-controlled design	Treatment with ranolazine alone in heart failure resulted compared to placebo in: Improved EF by 2% (p ≤ 0.05) Reduction of EDWS by 14 gm/cm2 Treatment with combination of ranolazine and enalapril compared to placebo resulted in: Improved EF by 5% (p ≤ 0.05) Reduction of EDWS by 13 gm/cm2 Treatment with combination of ranolazine and metoprolol compared to placebo resulted in: Improved EF by 7% (p ≤ 0.05) Reduction of EDWS by 20 gm/cm2
Undrovinas et al. [40]	2006	Treatment of 26 isolated canine hearts post induction of heart failure	Ranolazine treatment of isolated canine hearts with induced heart failure resulted in: Restoration of normal myocyte relaxation Reduction in the resting tension of the myocytes
Sabbah et al. [41]	2002	Canine study of 21 dogs with induced heart failure	Treatment of dogs with heart failure with ranolazine resulted in: Reduction of LVEDP by 3 mmHg (p = 0.001) Increased cardiac output of 0.39 L/min (p = 0.01)

EF = ejection fraction; EDWS = end-diastolic circumferential wall stress; LVEDP = left ventricular end-diastolic pressure.