Table 5.
Precision-Stability Index (PSI) and Diacritic Modification Index (DMI) findings for participants in the childhood apraxia of speech (CAS), adult-onset apraxia of speech (AAS), and speech delay (SD) groups.
| Group | Descriptive statistics |
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSI |
DMI |
|||||||||||
| Place changes (%) |
Duration changes (%) |
Additions (%) |
||||||||||
| n | M | SD | n | M | SD | n | M | SD | n | M | SD | |
| SD | 204 | 204 | 204 | 204 | ||||||||
| Percentage | 81.7 | 9.9 | 5.1 | 2.9 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.0 | ||||
| z-score | −0.07 | 0.40 | 0.37 | 1.35 | 0.80 | 1.83 | 1.01 | 1.72 | ||||
| CAS (PM+) | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | ||||||||
| Percentage | 57.1 | 10.3 | 8.8 | 3.7 | 2.6 | 1.6 | 2.6 | 1.8 | ||||
| z-score | −1.12 | 0.51 | 2.99 | 1.70 | 2.73 | 1.61 | 3.30 | 1.89 | ||||
| AAS (PM+) | 22 | 22 | 22 | 22 | ||||||||
| Percentage | 52.3 | 6.7 | 3.2 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 3.6 | 2.2 | ||||
| z-score | −1.43 | 0.37 | 4.97 | 0.13 | 3.42 | 1.68 | 5.00 | 0.00 | ||||
| Inferential statistics using z-score | ||||||||||||
| Comparison | PSI | Place changes (%) | Duration changes (%) | Additions (%) | ||||||||
| effect size a | CI | effect size | CI | effect size | CI | effect size | CI | |||||
| CAS and SD | −2.50 E | −2.92, −2.09 | 1.85 V | 1.47, 2.24 | 1.07 V | 0.71, 1.43 | 1.31 V | 0.94, 1.68 | ||||
| AAS and SD | −3.41 E | −3.95, −2.87 | 3.57 E | 3.02, 4.11 | 1.44 V | 0.98, 1.90 | 2.43 E | 1.93, 2.92 | ||||
| CAS and AAS | 0.66 M | 0.12, 1.20 | −1.44 V | −2.03, −0.85 | −0.42 | −0.95, 0.12 | −1.12 V | −1.68, −0.55 | ||||
Note. PM+ = positive for pause marker; CI = confidence interval.
a
Effect size: Small (S) >0.2; Medium (M) >0.5; Large (L) >0.8; Very Large (V) >1.0; Extremely Large (E) > 2.0. Significant effect sizes are underlined.