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. 2005 Mar 7;102(11):4010–4015. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0409642102

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4.

Biochemistry of midgut epithelial cell responses to parasite invasion 24 h after feeding. (A–C) Diaphorase activity assays (purple-blue) and ookinete stainings (red). Diaphorase activity was detected in A. stephensi midguts infected with P. berghei (A), but not in P. gallinaeum-infected A. aegypti (B) or A. stephensi (C) midguts. (D–F) DAB peroxidase activity assays (brown) and ookinete stainings (red). Peroxidase activity was detected in A. stephensi midguts infected with P. berghei (D), but not in P. gallinaeum-infected A. aegypti (E) or A. stephensi (F) midguts. (G–I) Nuclear degeneration (blue, arrow) and cell protrusion by DIC or actin (red) aggregate were used as markers for parasite-induced cell death (Upper). Nitrotyrosine staining (green) was detected in A. stephensi midguts infected with P. berghei (G Lower), but not in P. gallinaeum-infected A. aegypti (H Lower) or A. stephensi (I Lower) midguts. (Bars, 5 μm).