Table 3.
Association between childhood cumulative social risk scores and current cigarette smoking and excessive alcohol intake in adulthood
| Smoking | Excessive alcohol intake | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | Men | Women | |||||
| Model 1 PR (95% CI) | Model 2 PR (95% CI) | Model 1 PR (95% CI) | Model 2 PR (95% CI) | Unadjusted PR (95% CI) | Adjusted PR (95% CI) | Unadjusted PR (95% CI) | Adjusted PR (95% CI) | |
| No. of childhood social risk factors | ||||||||
| 0 (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1 | 1.20 (1.02–1.40) | 1.16 (0.99–1.36) | 1.22 (1.06–1.41) | 1.23 (1.06–1.42) | 1.12 (0.98–1.29) | 1.14 (0.99–1.31) | 0.99 (0.83–1.17) | 0.99 (0.83–1.17) |
| 2 | 1.35 (1.04–1.76) | 1.27 (0.97–1.65) | 1.71 (1.37–2.14) | 1.68 (1.35–2.10) | 1.23 (0.97–1.55) | 1.25 (0.98–1.58) | 1.08 (0.80–1.47) | 1.12 (0.83–1.53) |
| ≥3 | 2.54 (1.81–3.57) | 2.40 (1.71–3.37) | 1.62 (1.12–2.35) | 1.62 (1.12–2.35) | 1.61 (1.12–2.31) | 1.63 (1.13–2.34) | 1.27 (0.80–2.04) | 1.32 (0.83–2.12) |
| Ptrend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.446 | 0.332 |
| No. of maladaptive family functioning risk factors | ||||||||
| 0 (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1 | 1.24 (1.04–1.48) | 1.18 (0.99–1.41) | 1.27 (1.08–1.48) | 1.25 (1.07–1.46) | 1.10 (0.93–1.29) | 1.12 (0.95–1.32) | 0.92 (0.75–1.13) | 0.95 (0.78–1.17) |
| 2 or 3 | 1.57 (1.10–2.26) | 1.46 (1.02–2.10) | 1.75 (1.31–2.34) | 1.70 (1.27–2.27) | 1.60 (1.17–2.18) | 1.66 (1.22–2.27) | 1.22 (0.82–1.80) | 1.31 (0.88–1.93) |
| Ptrend | 0.001 | 0.008 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.007 | 0.002 | 0.945 | 0.591 |
| No. of parental separation experiences | ||||||||
| 0 (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1 | 1.29 (1.08–1.53) | 1.27 (1.07–1.51) | 1.34 (1.14–1.57) | 1.35 (1.16–1.59) | 1.12 (0.95–1.31) | 1.12 (0.95–1.31) | 1.11 (0.91–1.35) | 1.08 (0.89–1.31) |
| 2 or 3 | 1.96 (1.41–2.72) | 1.89 (1.36–2.62) | 1.31 (0.86–1.98) | 1.31 (0.87–1.98) | 1.21 (0.85–1.72) | 1.19 (0.83–1.69) | 1.21 (0.73–1.98) | 1.22 (0.74–2.00) |
| Ptrend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.090 | 0.106 | 0.209 | 0.302 |
| No. of childhood cumulative social risk domains | ||||||||
| 0 (ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1 | 1.21 (1.04–1.41) | 1.17 (1.01–1.36) | 1.27 (1.11–1.45) | 1.27 (1.11–1.45) | 1.17 (1.02–1.33) | 1.18 (1.04–1.34) | 1.08 (0.98–1.19) | 1.01 (0.85–1.19) |
| 2 | 1.84 (1.42–2.38) | 1.74 (1.35–2.26) | 1.72 (1.35–2.19) | 1.71 (1.34–2.18) | 1.21 (0.92–1.58) | 1.22 (0.93–1.60) | 1.07 (0.87–1.31) | 1.17 (0.85–1.62) |
| Ptrend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.014 | 0.008 | 0.154 | 0.503 |
PR, prevalence ratio; CI, confidence interval. Model 1 adjusted for age. Model 2 adjusted for age, adult social class and education.