Real-time PCR gene expression analysis and quantification of mouse (A) or human-specific (B) Gli1, Gli2, Gli3, Ptch1, Ptch2, Smo and Shh mRNA levels extracted from control-treated compared to vismodegib-treated MiaPaCa2 tumors, indicated that vismodegib suppressed Gli1 and Gli2 expression in mouse stromal cells but not in MiaPaCa2 human cancer cells. Relative expression for all genes in both groups was normalized based on the expression of beta-actin. Data represent the average of at least 3 independent experiments from 4 control and 4 vismodegib-treated tumors ± S.E. values and asterisks indicate statistically significant differences between compared groups (p < 0.05).