Table 2.
Univariate analysis: factors associated with blood pressure control (target blood pressure: 150/90 mmHg)
| Target blood pressure (150/90 mmHg) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Controlled (N = 1744) | Uncontrolled (N = 415) | P-value | |
| Age | 72.9 (5.2) | 73.2 (5.9) | 0.311 |
| Sex (male sex) | 672 (38.5%) | 133 (32.0%) | 0.014 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 127.3 (11.9) | 156.9 (12.6) | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 71.5 (8.4) | 82.0 (11.5) | <0.001 |
| PP (mmHg) | 55.8 (11.9) | 74.9 (18.3) | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 86.0 (9.0) | 85.1 (9.5) | 0.092 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.6 (3.3) | 24.7 (3.4) | 0.610 |
| Hb (g/dl) | 13.6 (1.5) | 13.5 (1.5) | 0.700 |
| GFR (60 ml/min/1.73 m2) | 75.3 (14.6) | 73.8 (16.6) | 0.116 |
| Sodium intake (g/d) | 3.8(2.8) | 3.7(2.6) | 0.491 |
| Frailty index | 0.22 (0.10) | 0.24 (0.11) | <0.001 |
| Income quartile (low/mid-low/mid-high/high) | 51.5%/25.8%/13.1%/9.6% | 53.3%/24.2%/12.3%/10.1% | 0.856 |
| Level of education (1st/2nd/3rd/4th) | 66.7%/12.2%/14.9%/6.2% | 70.1%/10.2%/14.1%/5.6% | 0.561 |
| Smoking | 176 (10.2%) | 30 (7.3%) | 0.073 |
| Exercise | 766 (44.5%) | 170 (41.4%) | 0.252 |
| Diabetes | 428 (28.4%) | 105 (29.8%) | 0.683 |
| Dyslipidemia | 839 (57.8%) | 194 (57.6%) | 0.932 |
| Stroke | 143 (8.2%) | 33 (8.0%) | 0.868 |
| MI, angina | 167 (9.6%) | 49 (11.8%) | 0.173 |
| CKD | 251 (16.2%) | 71 (19.5%) | 0.126 |
SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, PP: pulse pressure, BMI: body mass index, Hb: hemoglobin, GFR: glomerular filtration rate, MI: myocardial infarction, CKD: chronic kidney disease.
Income quartile: household income/month, Low: household income/month < 650 US dollars, Mid-low: 650 US dollars ≤ household income/month < 1300 US dollars, Mid-high: 1300 US dollars ≤ household income/month < 2100 US dollars, High: household income/month ≥ 2100 US dollars.
Level of education: 1st: elementary school or lower, 2nd: middle school, 3rd: high school, 4th: college or higher.
Dyslipidemia: either hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-cholesterolemia, or a combination. (Hypercholesterolemia: 12 h-fasting total cholesterol ≥ 6.22 mmol/L (240 mg/dL) or taking hypercholesterolemia medications, Hypertriglyceridemia: 12 h-fasting triglyceride ≥ 2.27 mmol/L (200 mg/dL), Low HDL-cholesterolemia: 12 h-fasting HDL-cholesterol < 1.04 mmol/L (40 mg/dL)).