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. 2017 Aug 8;7:7520. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07321-6

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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A custom-built solenoid was used to expose metal washers with biofilm to an alternating magnetic field (AMF). (a) Under PC control, 20 W was delivered to a solenoid coil at a frequency of 500 kHz. (b) Stainless steel washers with biofilm were placed at the bottom of a 50 ml centrifuge tube with 4 ml of PBS. (c) The centrifuge tubes were inserted into the center of the solenoid exposed to an AMF for different durations. (d) Finite-element simulations depict the spatial temperature distribution inside the centrifuge tube after 10 and 600 seconds of AMF exposure. (e) Fiber-optic temperature measurements of the surface of the washer (squares) during a 10 minute AMF exposure show a steady increase in temperature until a steady state value is approached at 6 minutes. The predicted temperature increase from finite-element simulations (red line) and the fiber optic measurements (black squares) agree with a root mean square error of 5.2 °C.