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. 2017 Aug 8;7:7520. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07321-6

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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AMF exposures produce highly localized tissue damage in vivo. H&E stained sections through the thighs of mice receiving AMF exposures. The cavity (CAV) represents the location of a surgically implanted 5 mm stainless steel ball. The bottom panels are high power views of the ROI indicated in each of the top panels. A sham-treated mouse (a,e) 7 days after surgical implantation shows a residual mild inflammatory response at the edge of the cavity. A mouse receiving a 190 W AMF exposure for 220 s (b,e) exhibits a pattern of thermal damage all around the implant approximately 2 mm from the cavity. A similar pattern of damage is seen for a mouse exposed to 800 W for 15 seconds (c,g), however the radial extent is only approximately 1 mm. A mouse 7 days after an 800 W AMF exposure lasting 4 seconds (d,h) exhibits a circumferential pattern of damage extending to approximately 0.5 mm from the cavity rim. In addition, robust regenerative activity is seen at the edge of the thermal damage boundary. In all cases, the transition from damaged to normal muscle (dashed line in bottom panels) is abrupt. The top scale bars represent 1 mm and the bottom bars represent 200 µm.