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. 2017 Aug 8;7:7494. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07201-z

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Regressions between (a) days to metamorphosis and GSH/GSSG ratio (R² = 0.19, P < 0.001) and between (a) growth and telomere length (R² = 0.07, P = 0.008). Regression lines show the correlation between physiological and life-history traits measured in Pelobates cultripes juveniles surviving all four experimental groups combined: constant water level, constant water level plus predator, dry-down, and dry-down plus predators. Cellular oxidative stress normally results in decreased GSH/GSSG ratio, whereas telomere shortening is a reliable indicator of individual/cellular senescence. The GSH/GSSG ratio increased with increased length of the larval period, whereas telomere length was shortened with increased growth rate.