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. 2017 Aug 8;7:7604. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07671-1

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Comparison between F_V/F_M ratio and the Mn²⁺ EPR signal illuminated between 460 and 660 nm. (a) 460 nm and (b) 660 nm. The black axis and line (doted) represent the normalised signal intensities of released Mn²⁺. The magenta axis and line (continuous) represent the signal intensities of F_V/F_M. The inset in each panel is a magnification of the first 120 min of illumination. Average values are presented ± standard error. For fluorescence measurements n = 6 and for EPR measurements n = 1.