Table 2.

Average physiological and behavioural variables in llama dams (n = 7) during two weeks at four different seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter, see text for details) under central European climatic conditions.

Variable		Spring	Summer	Autumn	Winter	SEM	F-value	Season P-value
Body mass	(kg)	150.4d	154.4c	163.7a	159.1b	9.13	36.56	<0.001
Body condition score	(points)	3.11b	3.14bc	3.38a	3.36ac	0.21	6.25	0.004
Field metabolic rate	(MJ d−1)	18.33bc	25.87a	20.70abc	17.48c	1.53	6.14	0.005
	(kJ kg−0.75 d−1)	401b	586a	427b	402b	37.5	5.87	0.006
Total body water	(%)	60.97	63.49	63.94	63.92	1.61	2.31	0.112
Total water intake	(L d−1)	6.55b	9.17a	7.55ab	4.22c	0.44	23.35	<0.001
Daily activity	(%)	32.80a	29.32ab	26.31b	16.08c	1.03	54.90	<0.001
Distance travelled	(km d−1)	1.64b	1.74a	1.50c	1.01d	0.03	185.6	<0.001
Daily body temperature	(°C)	38.55ab	38.62a	38.53b	38.40c	0.03	20.58	<0.001
Daily minimum	(°C)	37.49ab	37.44ac	37.60b	37.40c	0.05	17.45	<0.001
Daily maximum	(°C)	38.64ab	38.75b	38.52a	38.47a	0.06	9.39	0.001
Daily range	(°C)	1.15ab	1.30a	0.92b	1.06b	0.08	7.94	0.002

Values are LS-Means with the corresponding SEM, F- and P-value. ^a,b,c,dMeans within a row not sharing the same superscript differ by P < 0.05.