. 2017 Jul 7;6(8):1861–1870. doi: 10.1002/cam4.1106

Table 4.

Prevalence of predisposing and precipitating factors

		Total n = 574	%	No delirium n = 522	%	Delirium n = 52	%	P=	Odds Ratio	95% confidence interval OR
Predisposing factors
Age > 70	No	452	79	421	81	31	60
Age > 70	Yes	122	21	101	19	21	40	<0.001^a	2.824	1.557–5.119
Alcohol/drug abuse	No	526	92	480	92	46	89
Alcohol/drug abuse	Yes	48	8	42	8	6	12	0.43	1.491	0.602–3.693
Hearing difficulty	No	556	97	508	97	48	92
Hearing difficulty	Yes	18	3	14	3	4	8	0.07	3.024	0.958–9.549
Visual impairment	No	559	97	511	98	48	92
Visual impairment	Yes	15	3	11	2	4	8	0.04	3.871	1.187–12.624
History of delirium	No	569	99	517	99	52	100
History of delirium	Yes	5	1	5	1	0	0	0.99	—	—
Cognitive impairment	No	562	98	514	99	48	92
Cognitive impairment	Yes	12	2	8	2	4	8	0.02	5.354	1.555–18.431
Precipitating factors
High doses of psychotropic medication	No	428	75	397	76	31	60
	Yes	146	25	125	24	21	40	0.01	2.151	1.193–3.878
	Corticosteroids	43	7	43	8	0	0	0.03	—	—
	Sedatives	29	5	22	4	7	14	0.01	3.535	1.432–8.727
	Opioids	86	15	70	13	16	31	0.002^a	2.870	1.513–5.445
Alcohol/drug withdrawal	No	561	98	511	98	50	96
	Yes	13	2	11	2	2	4	0.33	1.858	0.401–8.619
	Alcohol	12	2	11	2	1	2	0.99	0.911	0.115–7.199
	Sedatives	0	0	0	0	0	0	—	—	—
	Other	2	0	1	0	1	2	0.17	10.216	0.630–165.771
Infection	No	448	78	425	81	23	44
	Yes	126	22	97	19	29	56	<0.001^a	5.524	3.062–9.966
	Fever	48	8	39	7	9	17	0.03	2.587	1.175–5.694
	Sepsis	16	3	9	2	7	14	<0.001^a	8.849	3.148–24.879
	Urinary tract	30	5	22	4	8	15	0.003^a	4.124	1.735–9.803
	Respiratory tract	26	5	17	3	9	17	<.001^a	6.205	2.610–14.750
	Other	30	5	23	4	7	14	.01	3.368	1.370–8.279
Intracranial neoplasm	No	538	94	494	95	44	85
	Yes	36	6	28	5	8	15	0.01	3.208	1.379–7.461
	Primary tumor	8	1	5	1	3	6	0.03	6.331	1.469–27.287
	Metastasis	24	4	19	4	5	10	0.06	2.816	1.006–7.885
	Carcinomatous meningitis	4	1	4	1	0	0	0.99	—	—
Post‐operative state	No	557	97	509	98	48	92
Post‐operative state	Yes	17	3	13	2	4	8	0.06	3.263	1.024–10.398
Constipation	No	468	82	433	83	35	67
Constipation	Yes	106	19	89	17	17	33	0.006^a	2.363	1.268–4.405
Urinary retention	No	560	98	514	99	46	89
Urinary retention	Yes	14	2	8	2	6	12	0.001^a	8.380	2.788–25.192
Organ failure	No	476	83	447	86	29	56
Organ failure	Yes	98	17	75	14	23	44	<0.001^a	4.727	2.596–8.608
Liver failure	Not measured	77	13	70	13	7	13
	No	437	76	401	77	36	69
	Yes	60	10	51	10	9	17	0.09	1.971	0.898–4.326
	Bilirubin >60 mmol/L	19	4	15	3	4	21	0.08	2.849	0.903–8.983
	ASAT > 150	51	10	43	10	8	18	0.12	2.062	0.902–4.710
	ALAT > 200	24	5	21	5	3	7	0.47	1.469	0.421–5.131
Pulmonary insufficiency	Not measured	380	66	361	69	19	37
	No	173	30	148	28	25	48
	Yes	21	4	13	2	8	15	0.01	7.133	2.806–18.133
Renal failure	Not measured	15	3	15	3	0	0
	No	543	95	497	95	46	88
	Yes	16	3	10	2	6	12	0.002^a	6.696	2.327–19.239
Cardiac failure	No	565	98	514	98	51	98
Cardiac failure	Yes	9	2	8	2	1	2	0.58	1.262	0.155–10.294
Metabolic imbalance	Not measured	20	3	20	4	0	0
	No	453	79	428	82	25	48
	Yes	101	18	74	14	27	52	<0.001^a	6.538	3.599–11.878
	Calcium low	1/411	0	1/362	0	0/49	0	0.99	—	—
	Calcium high	8/411	2	4/362	1	4/49	8	0.009^a	7.956	1.923–32.918
	Potassium low	30/550	5	21/498	4	9/52	9	0.001^a	4.754	2.051–11.022
	Potassium high	5/550	1	1/498	0	4/52	8	<0. 001^a	41.417	4.538–378.011
	Sodium low	25/544	5	18/493	4	6/51	12	0.02	3.519	1.330–9.311
	Sodium high	2/544	0	0/493	0	2/51	4	0.009^a	—	—
	Hypoglycemia	1/395	0	0/350	0	1/45	2	0.11	—	—
	Hyperglycemia	24/395	6	19/350	5	4/45	9	0.32	1.700	0.551–5.240
	Albumin low	42/442	9	24/393	6	18/49	37	<0.001^a	8.927	4.378–18.206

P < 0.01.