Table 2.
Relative Risk Ratios and 95 % confidence intervals estimated based on multinomial logistic regression: non-respondents at wave 2 and those dying between the waves compared to respondents
| Characteristics at wave 1 | Outcome at wave 2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-response (N = 7,059) | Dead (N = 527) | |||
| RRR | 95 % CI | RRR | 95 % CI | |
| Socio-demographic characteristics | ||||
| Age | ||||
| 50–59 (ref cat) | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||
| 60–69 | 0.953 | [0.891, 1.021] | 2.541** | [1.806, 3.575] |
| 70–79 | 1.092* | [1.008, 1.185] | 4.496** | [3.202, 6.313] |
| 80+ | 1.232** | [1.101, 1.382] | 9.192** | [6.416, 13.168] |
| Sex | ||||
| Male (ref cat) | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||
| Female | 0.974 | [0.916, 1.035] | 0.435** | [0.351, 0.540] |
| Years in education (wave 1) | ||||
| 0–6 years (ref cat) | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||
| 7–12 years | 1.135** | [1.055, 1.222] | 1.013 | [0.813, 1.263] |
| 13 years or more | 1.346** | [1.240, 1.462] | 1.038 | [0.795, 1.356] |
| Health at baseline (wave 1) | ||||
| Self-rated health | ||||
| Excellent (ref cat) | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||
| Very good | 1.113 | [0.995, 1.226] | 2.214* | [1.075, 4.563] |
| Good | 1.262** | [1.140, 1.399] | 2.914** | [1.473, 5.764] |
| Fair | 1.608** | [1.427, 1.811] | 5.313** | [2.660, 10.611] |
| Poor | 1.876** | [1.585, 2.219] | 6.097** | [2.919, 12.736] |
| No. of chronic conditions (0–15) | 0.924** | [0.900, 0.947] | 1.037 | [0.969, 1.109] |
| No. of somatic symptoms (0–12) | 0.970* | [0.947, 0.994] | 0.937* | [0.879, 0.999] |
| No. of mobility difficulties (0–10) | 1.007 | [0.986, 1.028] | 1.070* | [1.015, 1.129] |
| No. of ADLs (0–6) | 0.964 | [0.912, 1.019] | 0.967 | [0.874, 1.069] |
| No. of IADLs (0–7) | 1.055* | [1.008, 1.103] | 1.159* | [1.066, 1.260] |
| No. of depressive symptoms (EURO-D; 0–12) | 0.987 | [0.972, 1.001] | 1.017 | [0.974, 1.063] |
| Orientation in time score (0 worst–4 best) | 0.934** | [0.886, 0.98] | 0.846** | [0.760, 0.943] |
| Numeracy score (1 worst–5 best) | 0.926** | [0.901, 0.955] | 0.905* | [0.824, 0.995] |
| Health-related behaviours | ||||
| Smoking | ||||
| Non-smoker (ref cat) | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||
| Smoker | 1.106** | [1.025, 1.193] | 1.808** | [1.384, 2.347] |
| Ex-smoker | 0.961 | [0.899, 1.031] | 1.255* | [1.001, 1.568] |
| BMI | ||||
| BMI < 30 (ref cat) | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||
| Obese (BMI ≥ 30) | 0.888** | [0.824, 0.958] | 0.789 | [0.611, 1.017] |
| Levels of activity | ||||
| Some moderate (ref cat) | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||
| Very low | 1.240** | [1.115, 1.379] | 1.849** | [1.446, 2.363] |
| Drinking | ||||
| Drinking less (ref cat) | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||
| Drinking at least 2 U of alcohol five to six times a week | 0.947 | [0.872, 1.028] | 0.983 | [0.754, 1.281] |
| Log likelihood | −17,005.9 | |||
| Pseudo R 2 | 3.38 | |||
| N | 25,969 | |||
** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05