Table 4.
Relative risk ratios and 95 % confidence intervals estimated based on multinomial logistic regression; decline and improvement in SRH compared to no change between the waves, ages 50–64 and 65+
| Predictors | Age: 50–64 (N = 7,934) | Age: 65+ (N = 8,922) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Decline in SRH | Improvement in SRH | Decline in SRH | Improvement in SRH | |||||
| RRRs | 95 % CI | RRRs | 95 % CI | RRRs | 95 % CI | RRRs | 95 % CI | |
| Changes in health between waves 1 and 2 | ||||||||
| Increase in no. of conditions/symptoms/difficulties | ||||||||
| ADLs | 1.482* | [1.051, 2.089] | 0.716 | [0.451, 1.135] | 1.142 | [0.924, 1.412] | 0.909 | [0.701, 1.178] |
| IADLs | 0.941 | [0.723, 1.225] | 0.805 | [0.583, 1.113] | 1.411** | [1.186, 1.679] | 0.912 | [0.737, 1.127] |
| Worse orientation in time score | 1.188 | [0.948, 1.490] | 0.989 | [0.772, 1.268] | 1.268** | [1.070, 1.502] | 0.833 | [0.678, 1.025] |
| Decrease in no. of conditions/symptoms/difficulties | ||||||||
| Chronic conditions | 0.855 | [0.719, 1.017] | 1.717** | [1.447, 2.036] | 0.845* | [0.726, 0.984] | 1.477** | [1.263, 1.726] |
| Depressive symptoms (EURO-D) | 0.842* | [0.717, 0.989] | 1.207* | [1.020, 1.428] | 0.892 | [0.769, 1.035] | 1.219* | [1.035, 1.420] |
| Better numeracy score | 0.829* | [0.713. 0.964] | 1.137 | [0.969, 1.335] | 0.959 | [0.835. 1.101] | 1.157 | [0.994, 1.346] |
| Health problems between waves 1 and 2 | ||||||||
| Heart attack | 2.006** | [1.164, 3.454] | 0.639 | [0.288, 1.416] | 1.420* | [1.006, 2.003] | 0.471** | [0.276, 0.802] |
| Stroke | 2.307* | [1.196, 4.448] | 0.488 | [0.185, 1.286] | 1.733** | [1.221, 2.458] | 0.625 | [0.376, 1.038] |
| Cancer | 3.393** | [2.295, 5.018] | 0.779 | [0.461, 1.317] | 2.539** | [1.871, 3.444] | 0.730 | [0.470, 1.133] |
| Health-related behaviours | ||||||||
| Levels of activity at baseline | ||||||||
| Some moderate (ref cat) | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
| Very low | 1.261 | [0.769, 2.068] | 0.889 | [0.541, 1.461] | 1.730** | [1.321, 2.265] | 0.720* | [0.533, 0.972] |
| Changes in activity between waves | ||||||||
| No change | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
| Decrease in levels of physical activity | 2.233** | [1.569, 3.178] | 1.222 | [0.824, 1.813] | 1.614** | [1.301, 2.003] | 0.783 | [0.601, 1.022] |
| Increase in levels of physical activity | 0.929 | [0.507, 1.704] | 1.149 | [0.632, 2.090] | 0.821 | [0.564, 1.193] | 1.479* | [1.005, 2.175] |
| Log likelihood | −6683.6 | −7516.9 | ||||||
| Pseudo R 2 | 18.96 | 18.60 | ||||||
The models are adjusted for socio-demographic characteristics of the respondent, country of residence, baseline health and changes between the waves
** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05