Table 3.

Fit indices of conditional quadratic latent curve models of self-esteem in young and late adulthood with personality resources as time-varying covariates (TVCs) and standardized regression coefficients of TVCs

	Young adulthood					Late adulthood
	Intercept	Slope	βSE1	βSE2	βSE3	Intercept	Slope	βSE1	βSE2
Model 1
Age	−0.09	0.09				−0.08**	−0.03
Sex (1 = female)	−0.15*	0.12				−0.25***	0.11
Time-invariant resources
Education (1 = 10 years and more)	0.17*	−0.10				0.02	0.02
Partnership (1 = yes)	0.14+	−0.01				−0.01	0.20
Parent (1 = yes)	0.07	−0.14				0.08	−0.12
Subjective health	/	/				0.25***	−0.02
Model 2
Neuroticism			−0.58***	−0.61***	−0.64***			−0.49***	−0.46***
Agreeableness			0.22*	0.02	−0.10			0.06	0.06
Openness to experience			/	0.13*	0.14*			0.03	0.02
Extraversion			0.22***	0.22***	0.24***			0.29***	0.27***
Conscientiousness			0.29***	0.30***	0.29***			0.39***	0.38***
Model fit	χ 2	df	RMSEA	CFI		χ 2	df	RMSEA	CFI
Model 1	72.98	57	0.03	0.99		72.19	36	0.06	0.94
Model 2	316.91	113	0.07	0.90		130.89	67	0.05	0.93

Note Study 2 on young adulthood included three measurement points, and Study 3 on late adulthood included only two measurement points. Openness to experience was not assessed at T1 in young adulthood. Nonsignificant χ ² model comparison tests imply time-invariant effects of personality on self-esteem and are constrained to be equal across measurement points

⁺ p ≤ 0.054, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001