Table 2.
Background factors and odds of supporting the continuation of pricking (n = 617)
| Descriptive statisticsa | Odds of supporting the continuation of pricking | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | Want pricking to continue n (%) | cOR | 95% CI | aORb | 95% CI | |
| Gender | ||||||
| Man | 318 (51.5) | 49 (15.4) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Woman | 299 (48.5) | 64 (21.4) | 1.50 | 0.99–2.26 | 1.35 | 0.82–2.23 |
| Age | ||||||
| ≤ 25 | 86 (14.0) | 12 (14.0) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. |
| 26–35 | 202 (33.0) | 26 (12.9) | 0.91 | 0.44–1.90 | 0.97 | 0.43–2.22 |
| 36–45 | 162 (26.4) | 37 (22.8) | 1.83 | 0.90–3.72 | 1.94 | 0.85–4.41 |
| ≥ 46 | 163 (26.6) | 38 (23.3) | 1.88 | 0.92–3.81 | 2.72* | 1.14–6.48 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Single | 231 (37.6) | 37 (16.0) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Married/Partner | 330 (53.7) | 64 (19.4) | 1.26 | 0.81–1.97 | 1.24 | 0.74–2.09 |
| Divorced/Widowed | 53 (8.6) | 10 (18.9) | 1.22 | 0.56–2.64 | 1.24 | 0.51–2.99 |
| Cohabit | ||||||
| No | 200 (32.6) | 35 (17.5) | 1.00 | Ref. | – | – |
| Yes | 413 (67.4) | 76 (18.4) | 1.06 | 0.68–1.65 | – | – |
| Education | ||||||
| University/College | 59 (9.6) | 7 (11.9) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Secondary school | 201 (32.7) | 29 (14.4) | 1.25 | 0.52–3.03 | 1.04 | 0.40–2.68 |
| Primary school | 244 (39.7) | 49 (20.1) | 1.87 | 0.80–4.36 | 1.20 | 0.46–3.11 |
| Koranic school | 39 (6.4) | 11 (28.2) | 2.92* | 1.02–8.37 | 1.59 | 0.45–5.57 |
| No education | 71 (11.6) | 17 (23.9) | 2.34 | 0.90–6.10 | 0.85 | 0.27–2.66 |
| Somali origin | ||||||
| Urban | 502 (82.0) | 73 (14.5) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Rural | 110 (18.0) | 39 (35.5) | 3.23** | 2.03–5.13 | 3.08** | 1.81–5.25 |
| Years of residency in Sweden | ||||||
| ≤ 2 | 155 (25.2) | 45 (29.0) | 3.00** | 1.58–5.70 | 3.55** | 1.52–8.29 |
| 3–4 | 105 (17.0) | 15 (14.3) | 1.22 | 0.57–2.63 | 1.51 | 0.60–3.78 |
| 5–9 | 157 (25.5) | 25 (15.9) | 1.39 | 0.70–2.76 | 1.82 | 0.82–4.06 |
| 10–14 | 74 (12.0) | 13 (17.6) | 1.56 | 0.70–3.50 | 1.72 | 0.71–4.17 |
| ≥ 15 | 125 (20.3) | 15 (12.0) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Employment | ||||||
| Work full/Part time | 246 (40.1) | 36 (14.6) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. |
| No work | 328 (53.5) | 70 (21.3) | 1.58* | 1.02–2.46 | 0.84 | 0.47–1.49 |
| Student | 39 (6.4) | 6 (15.4) | 1.06 | 0.42–2.71 | 1.03 | 0.37–2.89 |
| Religionc | ||||||
| Muslim | 613 (99.7) | 112 (18.3) | – | – | – | – |
| Other | 2 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | – | – | – | – |
| FGC/circumcisedc, d | ||||||
| Yes | 595 (98.3) | 108 (18.2) | – | – | – | – |
| No | 9 (1.5) | 1 (11.1) | – | – | – | – |
| Don’t know | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | – | – | – | – |
| Acculturation | ||||||
| Poor | 124 (21.0) | 38 (30.6) | 2.35** | 1.49–3.70 | – | – |
| Good | 467 (79.0) | 74 (15.8) | 1.00 | Ref. | – | – |
| Social capital: Social participation | ||||||
| Low | 348 (56.7) | 73 (21.0) | 1.50 | 0.98–2.29 | 1.18 | 0.72–1.94 |
| High | 266 (43.3) | 40 (15.0) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Social capital: Trust | ||||||
| Low | 544 (89.2) | 100 (18.4) | 1.01 | 0.52–1.97 | 0.82 | 0.40–1.70 |
| High | 66 (10.8) | 12 (18.2) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. |
| Bridging social capital | ||||||
| Non-dominant bridging | 284 (46.8) | 61 (21.5) | 1.43 | 0.95–2.15 | 1.26 | 0.80–1.99 |
| Dominant bridging | 323 (53.2) | 52 (16.1) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.00 | Ref. |
CI confidence interval, cOR crude odds ratio, aOR adjusted odds ratio, Ref. referent category
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01
aMissing data for each variable presented ranges from 0 to 26
bAdjusted for gender, age, marital status, education, Somali origin, years of residency in Sweden, employment, social capital: social participation, social capital: trust, and bridging social capital. Excluded from the model were cohabit and acculturation because they highly correlated with marital status and years of residency in Sweden respectively. Valid sample size n = 581
cExcluded from the statistical models were religion and FGC/circumcised because the majority were Muslims and circumcised
dIncludes both men and women, regardless of type of FGC/circumcision