Table 2.
Cadmium, lead, and mercury association with homocysteine and c-reactive protein overall and stratified by dietary and serum micronutrients at the 75th percentile
| hs-CRP (mg/L)a
β (95% CI) |
tHcy (μmol/L)a
β (95% CI) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted b | Unadjusted | Adjustedb | |
| Cadmiuma, μg /l | −0.03 (−0.22, 0.15) | −0.08 (−0.25, 0.08) | 0.04 (0.001, 0.09) | 0.03 (−0.01, 0.08) |
| Leada, μg/dl | −0.05 (−0.31, 0.21) | −0.05 (−0.28, 0.19) | 0.10 (0.04, 0.16) | 0.08 (0.01, 0.15) |
| Mercurya, μg /l | −0.02 (−0.14, 0.11) | 0.02 (−0.09, 0.12) | −0.01 (−0.04, 0.01) | −0.03 (−0.05, 0.003) |
| Dietary Vitamin B6 | ||||
| <1.84 mg/dayb | ≥1.84 mg/dayb | <1.84 mg/dayb | ≥1.84 mg/dayb | |
| Cadmiuma, μg /l | −0.05 (−0.22, 0.12) | 0.13 (−0.38, 0.12) | 0.03 (−0.02, 0.08) | 0.03 (−0.04, 0.09) |
| Leada, μg/dl | −0.04 (−0.28, 0.20) | −0.02 (−0.37. 0.32) | 0.07 (0.003, 0.14) | 0.06 (−0.04, 0.15) |
| Mercury a, μg /l | 0.002 (−0.10, 0.11) | 0.04 (−0.09, 0.19) | −0.02 (−0.05, 0.004) | −0.03 (−0.07, 0.01) |
| Dietary Vitamin B12 | ||||
| <4.47 μg /dayb | ≥4.47 μg /dayb | <4.47 μg /dayb | ≥4.47 μg /dayb | |
| Cadmiuma, μg /l | −0.08 (−0.26, 0.09) | −0.17 (−0.40, 0.05) | 0.02 (−0.02, 0.07) | 0.06 (−0.01, 0.12) |
| Leada, μg/dl | −0.02 (−0.27, 0.22) | −0.17 (−0.50, 0.16) | 0.08 (0.01, 0.14) | 0.05 (−0.03, 0.14) |
| Mercurya, μg /l | 0.03 (−0.08, 0.13) | −0.003 (−0.15, 0.15) | −0.03 (−0.06, −0.005) | −0.01 (−0.05, 0.03) |
| Dietary Folate | ||||
| <456 μg /dayb | ≥456 μg /dayb | <456 μg /dayb | ≥456 μg /dayb | |
| Cadmiuma, μg /l | −0.09 (−0.27, 0.09) | −0.16 (−0.36, 0.04) | 0.02 (−0.03, 0.07) | 0.03 (−0.03, 0.10) |
| Leada, μg/dl | −0.01 (−0.27, 0.24) | 0.06 (−0.24, 0.36) | 0.07 (0.0004, 0.14) | 0.06 (−0.03, 0.15) |
| Mercurya, μg /l | −0.001 (−0.11, 0.11) | 0.07 (−0.05, 0.20) | −0.03 (−0.06, 0.0001) | −0.03 (−0.07, 0.01) |
| Serum Folate | ||||
| <24.49 ng/mlb | ≥24.49 ng/mlb | <24.49 ng/mlb | ≥24.49 ng/mlb | |
| Cadmiuma, μg /l | −0.05 (−0.23, 0.13) | −0.24 (−.52, 0.04) | 0.03 (−0.02, 0.08) | 0.09 (0.02, 0.15) |
| Leada, μg/dl | −0.07 (−0.32, 0.18) | 0.01 (−0.39, 0.42) | 0.07 (0.0001, 0.14) | −0.002 (−0.10, 0.10) |
| Mercurya, μg /l | 0.03 (−0.08, 0.13) | 0.03 (−0.14, 0.21) | −0.03 (−0.06, −0.005) | −0.01 (−0.05, 0.03) |
Abbreviations: hs-CRP high sensitivity C-reactive protein, tHcy total serum homocysteine
aNatural log-transformed
bAdjusted for age, race (black, white, other), BMI, parity, smoking, and day of menstrual cycle with inverse probability of exposure weights that included time-varying confounding: vitamins (B6, B12, folate), reproductive hormone concentrations, calorie and alcohol intake