Cognitive outcomes by insurance status. Colored boxes represent the middle 50% of the sample with the median represented as a horizontal line and mean as diamond. The ends of the whiskers are the minimum and maximum values discounting outliers that are beyond 1.5 interquartile ranges above or below the 75th and 25th percentiles, respectively, which are delineated seprately as circles. For presentation purposes, working memory (WM) was scaled to have a sample mean of 100 and a sample standard deviation of 15. IQ, intellectual quotient; PS, processing speed.