Extended Data Figure 1.

Assessing superoxide in brown adipocytes and effect of mitochondria-targeted compounds on shivering, body temperature, and movement. a, NE stimulates superoxide dependent oxidation of DHE in primary brown adipocytes (n = 5). b, Effect of i.p. decyl-TPP on core body temperature following acute cold exposure (n = 10). c,d Representative (c) raw and (d) RMS mouse EMG traces at thermoneutrality and following acute cold exposure ± MitoQ, NAC, or curare (0.3 mg/kg). e, Quantification of muscle burst frequency as determined by EMG at thermoneutrality and following acute cold exposure ± MitoQ or NAC (n = 3). f, Absolute VO₂ consumed immediately prior to acute CL treatment described in Fig. 1f (n = 5). g, Effect of i.p CL ± MitoQ on movement as assessed by number of beam breaks (n = 8). NS, not significant. Data are mean ± s.e.m. of at least three replicates. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P<0.001 (two-tailed Student’s t-test for pairwise comparisons, one-way ANOVA for multiple comparisons, two-way ANOVA for multiple comparisons involving two independent variables).