Table 5.
Relative Effectiveness of Interventions Targeting Influenza Vaccination
| Article | Intervention type | Treatment | Impact | Cost | Relative effectiveness |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Milkman, Beshears, Choi, Laibson, & Madrian (2011) | Nudge | An employer modified the normal informational mailings regarding free flu-shot clinics to prompt employees to write down details about when they planned to obtain vaccinations. | Increase of 4.2 (1.9) percentage points in employees obtaining a flu shot | $0.33 per employee for adding planning prompts to reminder letters | 12.8 (5.8) additional people vaccinated per $100 spent |
| Chapman, Li, Colby, & Yoon (2010) | Nudge | A university automatically assigned its faculty and staff to (nonmandatory) flu-shot appointment times. | Increase of 11.7 (4.5) percentage points in people obtaining a flu shot | $3.21 per person for excess (unutilized) clinic capacity | 3.65 (1.40) additional people vaccinated per $100 spent |
| Bronchetti, Huffman, & Magenheim (2015) | Traditional (financial incentive) | Experimenters paid college students a $30 incentive to get a flu shot at the campus clinic. | Increase of 10.7 (0.9) percentage points in students obtaining a flu shot | $6.03 per eligible student for incentive | 1.78 (0.15) additional people vaccinated per $100 spent |
| Kimura, Nguyen, Higa, Hurwitz, & Vugia (2007) | Traditional (education and financial incentive) | A health-care facility conducted an educational campaign for its workers on the benefits of influenza vaccination and provided free on-site influenza vaccines. | Education: increase of 8.19 percentage points in workers obtaining a flu shot;a free vaccines: increase of 15.3 percentage points in workers obtaining a flu shota | Education: $0.93 per employee; free vaccines: $14.28 per employee | Education: 8.85 additional people vaccinated per $100 spent;a free vaccines: 1.07 additional people vaccinated per $100 spenta |
Note: Standard errors are reported in parentheses. Standard errors for the relative-effectiveness measure were calculated by scaling the standard errors for the overall impact by the cost of the intervention, ignoring any uncertainty regarding the cost of the intervention.
a
For this estimate, standard errors could not be calculated using the information reported.