Figure 2.

Visual stimuli for action observation treatment. During action observation treatment, patients watch video sequences containing daily life hand and arm actions¹²⁴ (top panels) or leg and foot actions¹³² (bottom panels) for 6 min, and then perform the action for 6 min, using the same movement and objects shown in the video clip. On each day of treatment, a ‘unit’ of three limb movements of increasing complexity is presented. In each video, the presented action is shown from three perspectives. A complete session consists of three or four such videos. Patients typically undergo 20 rehabilitation sessions over 20 consecutive weekdays. During both observation and execution, patients are instructed to focus on the goal of the action rather than on the movement per se.