Table 1.
Baseline Patient Characteristics
| Variable | All (N = 121)
|
Intervention (n = 60)
|
Usual care (n = 61)
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n or M | % or SD | n or M | % or SD | n or M | % or SD | |
| Age, years | 43.17 | 14.69 | 42.80 | 14.65 | 43.52 | 14.84 |
| Female | 43 | 35.5 | 21 | 35.0 | 22 | 36.1 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| White | 55 | 45.4 | 24 | 40.0 | 31 | 50.9 |
| Black | 26 | 21.5 | 18 | 30.0 | 8 | 13.1 |
| American Indian | 19 | 15.7 | 6 | 10.0 | 13 | 21.3 |
| Asian | 6 | 5.0 | 3 | 5.0 | 3 | 4.9 |
| Hispanic | 15 | 12.4 | 9 | 15.0 | 6 | 9.8 |
| Education, years | 12.43 | 2.22 | 12.83 | 2.62 | 12.02 | 1.67 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Married/living with partner | 27 | 22.3 | 13 | 21.7 | 14 | 23.0 |
| Employed | 45 | 37.2 | 24 | 40.0 | 21 | 34.4 |
| Insurance | ||||||
| Private | 19 | 15.7 | 8 | 13.3 | 11 | 18.0 |
| Public | 76 | 62.8 | 39 | 65.0 | 37 | 60.7 |
| None | 26 | 21.5 | 13 | 21.7 | 13 | 21.3 |
| Acute care injury & medical | ||||||
| Injury severity category | ||||||
| 0–8 | 36 | 29.7 | 20 | 33.3 | 16 | 26.2 |
| 9–15 | 33 | 27.3 | 15 | 25.0 | 18 | 29.5 |
| ≥ 16 | 52 | 43.0 | 25 | 41.7 | 27 | 44.3 |
| Traumatic brain injury | ||||||
| None | 78 | 64.5 | 37 | 61.6 | 41 | 67.2 |
| Mild | 20 | 16.5 | 13 | 21.7 | 7 | 11.5 |
| Moderate/severe | 23 | 19.0 | 10 | 16.7 | 13 | 21.3 |
| Intentional injurya | 34 | 28.1 | 19 | 31.7 | 15 | 24.6 |
| Comorbid medical conditions | ||||||
| 0 | 43 | 35.5 | 24 | 40.0 | 19 | 31.2 |
| 1 | 30 | 24.8 | 14 | 23.30 | 16 | 26.2 |
| 2 | 26 | 21.5 | 10 | 16.70 | 16 | 26.2 |
| ≥ 3 | 22 | 18.2 | 12 | 20.0 | 10 | 16.4 |
| Days in ICU | ||||||
| 0 | 45 | 37.2 | 24 | 40.0 | 21 | 34.4 |
| 1 | 20 | 16.5 | 12 | 20.0 | 8 | 13.1 |
| ≥ 2 | 56 | 46.3 | 24 | 40.0 | 32 | 52.5 |
| Days in hospital | 12.45 | 15.10 | 10.98 | 14.87 | 13.89 | 15.31 |
| Clinical | ||||||
| Prior traumas before admission | 5.86 | 3.10 | 5.68 | 2.97 | 6.04 | 3.23 |
| Preinjury PTSD symptoms | 57 | 47.1 | 25 | 41.7 | 32 | 52.5 |
| Baseline PCL-C totalb | 46.98 | 10.47 | 46.97 | 10.16 | 47 | 10.85 |
| Baseline PHQ-9 depression totalb | 14.66 | 5.36 | 14.32 | 5.68 | 15 | 5.04 |
| Preinjury AUDIT-C total | 4.34 | 3.65 | 4.45 | 3.38 | 4.23 | 3.92 |
| Blood alcohol + on admission | 43 | 35.5 | 25 | 41.7 | 18 | 29.5 |
| Screen + for stimulants | 20 | 16.5 | 11 | 18.3 | 9 | 14.80 |
| Screen + for marijuana | 13 | 10.7 | 5 | 8.3 | 8 | 13.1 |
Note. No comparisons were statistically significant. PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; PCL-C = PTSD Checklist–Civilian version; PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire; ICU = intensive care unit; AUDIT-C = The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test–Consumption items.
a
Intentional injury includes gunshots, physical assault, and stabbings.
b
For PCL-C and PHQ-9 baseline assessments, inpatients were asked to report symptoms since the injury event.