Table 3.
Associations between children’s characteristics and risks of entrenched obesity among children who had obesity in elementary schoold
| Prevalence of'ever obesity from K-8 (age 5.6–14.1 years) | Prevalence of ever obesity from K-3 (age 5.6–9.1 years) | Prevalence of 'consistent obesity' within K-3 (age 5.6– 9.1 years) | Adjusted relative risk of entrenched obesity among those with obesity ever within K-3e | Adjusted relative risk of entrenched obesity among children with obesity in kindergarten e | Adjusted relative risk of entrenched obesity among children with consistent obesity during K-3 | |||||||||||||
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| Prevalence overall | 29.7 | 27.8 | 31.6 | 22.1 | 20.6 | 23.8 | 11.5 | 10.3 | 12.8 | 62.6f | 57.8 | 67.1 | 72g | 66.1 | 77.2 | 81.63h | 77.1 | 85.5 |
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| % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI | |||||||
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| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||||||||||||
| NH White | 25.5 | 23.4 | 27.8 | 18.8 | 16.9 | 20.8 | 9.0 | 7.6 | 10.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| NH Black | 35.2 | 28.9 | 42.0 | 24.1 | 19.2 | 29.9 | 13.5 | 9.7 | 18.5 | 1.24 | 1.05 | 1.47 | 1.25 | 1.04 | 1.52 | 0.98 | 0.82 | 1.17 |
| Hispanic | 36.8 | 31.7 | 42.2 | 30.4 | 26.0 | 35.1 | 16.4 | 13.5 | 19.6 | 1.11 | 0.92 | 1.32 | 1.16 | 0.96 | 1.41 | 1.03 | 0.92 | 1.16 |
| Other | 33.4 | 27.3 | 40.2 | 24.1 | 19.2 | 29.8 | 14.6 | 10.1 | 20.7 | 1.19 | 0.99 | 1.42 | 1.16 | 0.93 | 1.43 | 1.08 | 0.96 | 1.21 |
| SES in kindergartenb | ||||||||||||||||||
| Q1 (lowest) | 34.7 | 30.1 | 39.6 | 24.7 | 20.9 | 29.0 | 11.4 | 9.1 | 14.1 | 1.21 | 0.91 | 1.60 | 1.31 | 0.97 | 1.77 | 1.08 | 0.93 | 1.25 |
| Q2 | 34.4 | 30.3 | 38.7 | 27.1 | 22.9 | 31.7 | 14.5 | 11.5 | 18.1 | 1.20 | 0.94 | 1.53 | 1.11 | 0.81 | 1.52 | 1.05 | 0.89 | 1.24 |
| Q3 | 35.5 | 31.1 | 40.3 | 25.6 | 21.7 | 29.9 | 14.9 | 11.8 | 18.6 | 1.36 | 1.09 | 1.70 | 1.36 | 1.04 | 1.77 | 0.97 | 0.85 | 1.12 |
| Q4 | 24.9 | 21.3 | 29.0 | 19.1 | 15.7 | 23.0 | 10.6 | 8.0 | 13.9 | 1.23 | 0.97 | 1.56 | 1.34 | 1.00 | 1.80 | 0.99 | 0.85 | 1.15 |
| Q5 (highest) | 19.6 | 16.3 | 23.3 | 14.1 | 11.6 | 17.1 | 6.0 | 4.4 | 8.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Child gender | ||||||||||||||||||
| Male | 31.6 | 29.2 | 34.1 | 22.7 | 20.5 | 25.0 | 12.3 | 10.5 | 14.2 | 1.19 | 1.03 | 1.37 | 1.03 | 0.91 | 1.17 | 1.10 | 0.99 | 1.21 |
| Female | 27.7 | 25.0 | 30.6 | 21.6 | 19.5 | 23.9 | 10.6 | 9.0 | 12.4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| Child birthweightb | ||||||||||||||||||
| <2500 grams | 23.8 | 18.8 | 29.7 | 17.24 | 12.99 | 22.52 | 11.9 | 8.4 | 16.5 | 1.13 | 0.95 | 1.35 | 1.11 | 0.90 | 1.38 | 1.03 | 0.91 | 1.18 |
| 2500–3999 grams | 28.7 | 26.5 | 31.0 | 21.03 | 19.39 | 22.76 | 10.4 | 9.1 | 11.7 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
| 4000+ grams | 40.9 | 34.4 | 47.7 | 33.46 | 27.08 | 40.50 | 18.6 | 13.8 | 24.5 | 0.88 | 0.73 | 1.07 | 0.97 | 0.78 | 1.20 | 1.01 | 0.90 | 1.13 |
| BMI category in Kindergarten | ||||||||||||||||||
| Normal weight | 13.4 | 11.8 | 15.3 | 5.76 | 4.71 | 7.03 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 1.8 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Overweight (85th - 95th percentile) | 51.7 | 45.9 | 57.4 | 38.44 | 33.31 | 43.84 | 16.0 | 12.1 | 20.7 | 1.43 | 1.06 | 1.93 | 1.13 | 0.85 | 1.49 | |||
| Obesity (95th %ile BMI≤120% of 95th %ile) 100.0 | 100.0 | 57.4 | 50.2 | 64.2 | 1.58 | 1.22 | 2.04 | 1.15 | 0.90 | 1.48 | ||||||||
| Severe obesity (BMI≥120% of 95th %ile or BMI>35) 100.0 | 100.0 | 97.7 | 91.5 | 99.4 | 2.22 | 1.74 | 2.84 | 1.34 | 1.02 | 1.75 | ||||||||
| BMI change from Wave 1-Wave2c | ||||||||||||||||||
| −0.5 vs 0 (smaller in W2 than W1) | 0.99 | 0.97 | 1.01 | 0.98 | 0.95 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 0.97 | 1.01 | |||||||||
| −0.25 vs 0 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 1.01 | |||||||||
| +0.25 vs0 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 1.01 | 1.00 | 1.02 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.02 | |||||||||
| +0.5 vs 0 (larger in W2 than W1) | 1.01 | 0.99 | 1.03 | 1.02 | 1.00 | 1.05 | 1.01 | 0.99 | 1.03 | |||||||||
N rounded to nearest 10 per National Center for Education Statistics guidelines
N for SES and birthweight to not sum to total sample because of missing information
BMI change is modeled as a continuous variable; effect estimates for children with changes in BMI of −0.5 and +0.5 represent approximately the 25th and 75th percentile of change among all children
Having or developing obesity between kindergarten entry and 3rd grade (age 5.6–9.1 years) and retaining obesity between 5th nd 8th grades (age 11.1–14.1 years)
Parameters are marginal conditional risk ratios not odds ratios because outcome is non-rare
Prevalence of entrenchment among those with ever-obesity from K-3
Prevalence of entrenchment among children with obesity in kindergarten
Prevalence of entrenchment among children with consistent obesity during K-3