Table 3.

Overlapping constructs across behavior theories and models

Construct	Construct Definition	Behavior Theories
		Health Belief Model	Theory of Planned Behavior	Trans-theoretical Model	Social Cognitive Theory
Attitudes	Experience positive or negative emotions associated with performing the behavior.		X	X
Awareness	Learning new facts about the behavior and what the risks of not performing the behavior might be.	X		X	X
Behavioral Cues/Triggers	Use reminders to support healthy behaviors and remove or manage triggers for unhealthy behaviors.	X		X
Intentions	Personal motivation to perform the behavior.		X
Perceived Benefits	Perceived benefits or advantages of performing the behavior.	X	X	X
Perceived Barriers	Perceived presence of barriers that makes performing the behavior difficult.	X	X	X
Reinforcement	Rewards for performing the behavior and for avoiding unhealthy behaviors.			X
Self-efficacy	Confidence in one’s ability to overcome barriers to performing the behavior.	X	X	X	X
Self-evaluation	Individuals’ beliefs about how performing the behavior will make them feel and whether it represents who they want to be.			X	X
Social Modeling	Learning by observing others who have successfully performed the behavior.				X
Social Norms	Beliefs about whether other people perform the behavior or perceive the behavior as important.		X		X
Social Support	Helping relationships with others that support positive behavior change.			X	X